what bahviora theories can be applied to vaping

What are the models of smoking cessation interventions?

Smoking cessation interventions are commonly influenced by theories of behavior change, including the Transtheoretical model (often referred to the stages of change model) 14 the Health Belief Model 15 and/or Social Cognitive/Learning theory. 16 Key aspects of the various models include a focus on...

Does vaping affect other behaviors among adolescents?

The dramatic increase in vaping among adolescents has led researchers to explore the relationship between vaping and a host of other behaviors. One scientist from the University of Texas at San Antonio used data from the 2018 MTF survey to perform and publish a retrospective analysis that attempts to answer the following question:

Is there a correlation between vaping and crime?

For parents of teens, the new data on the correlation between vaping and criminal behavior means that if they see vaping as part of an overall pattern or behavior that could include criminality, then they should take heighten their vigilance, and double-down on their parenting involvement and open a dialogue with their teenager about what they see.

Is the theory of Reasoned Action a good fit for smoking cessation?

A modified model using the Theory of Reasoned Action provided a good fit to the data, accounting for approximately 64% of the variance in intention to quit smoking and stage of change. This research addresses the need for a more complete theoretical rationale for progress through stages of change.

Why do e-cigarettes have heating elements?

Why is it so hard to predict the outcome of e-cigarette regulations?

What is TCORS in tobacco?

What are the questions that VCU is tackling?

How much nicotine is in an electronic cigarette?

Why is it important to understand regulatory responses?

Is e-cigarette smoke harmful?

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How does vaping affect your behavior?

Vaping with or without nicotine has been shown to impact impulse control, especially in young adults whose brains have not fully developed yet. Some of these risks include mood disorders and permanent damage to parts of the brain responsible for memory, emotion and critical thinking.

Does vaping cause cognitive function?

We found that inhaled EC vape triggered neurotoxicity that induces brain inflammatory effects similar to those observed in the CS-exposed group. We posit that these toxicological effects are associated with decreased cognitive spatial and memory functions of EC and CS as compared to control mice.

What are the influences of vaping?

It causes you to crave a smoke and suffer withdrawal symptoms if you ignore the craving. Nicotine is a toxic substance. It raises your blood pressure and spikes your adrenaline, which increases your heart rate and the likelihood of having a heart attack.

How is vaping a coping mechanism?

Vaping is often used as a coping strategy by individuals suffering from depression, anxiety or other mental health conditions. However, it could potentially worsen the existing mental health conditions. Nicotine interrupts the cerebral dopamine pathway leading to an increase in depressive symptoms.

Does vaping affect learning?

Brain risks: Nicotine affects your brain development. This can make it harder to learn and concentrate. Some of the brain changes are permanent and can affect your mood and ability to control your impulses as an adult.

Does vaping affect motivation?

Nicotine's negative effects on motivationEdit Although studies have provided findings that suggest there are positive effects of nicotine on motivation, It is still widely considered to have a negative effect on motivation.

Is it OK for a 13 year old to vape?

A: The federal minimum age to purchase e-cigarette products is 18, but the laws vary by state – 49 states have set a minimum age that is older than 18. Unfortunately, the majority of underage vaping users are still getting the products from local gas stations or areas in their community that sell the products.

What influences teenagers to vape?

Teen vaping can be influenced by several sources of information, including marketing, family, peers, and the internet.

What happens if you vape at 11?

Nicotine exposure during the teenage years can harm brain development, which continues until about age 25. It can impact learning, memory and attention, and increase risk for future addiction to other drugs. Young people who use e-cigarettes may be more likely to go on to use regular cigarettes.

Does vaping calm anxiety?

About half – 50.3% – of frequent vapers say they must vape to cope with their stress and anxiety, and 45% say it's okay to vape for stress relief.

Does vaping improve confidence?

Vapers are more confident from the very first days after quitting regular cigarettes - they are no longer restricted by the unpleasant social status and in a sense they are considered better persons by the community.

Does vaping help with depression?

You may be tempted to reach for your vape when you are feeling down, but vaping is not an effective way to cope with sadness or depression.

Does vaping decrease memory?

The research revealed those adolescents who smoked tobacco or used e-cigarettes self-reported higher levels of difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions.

Does vaping help with memory?

Electronic Cigarette Vaping Did Not Enhance the Neural Process of Working Memory for Regular Cigarette Smokers. Background: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) as substitute devices for regular tobacco cigarettes (r-cigs) have been increasing in recent times.

What are 5 risks of vaping?

5 Dangers of VapingUnknown Chemicals.Illicit Substance Additives.Vaping Impacts Brain Development.Long-Term Lung Damage.Marketing and Media Influence.

Does nicotine mess with your memory?

It is commonly known that long-term exposure to nicotine causes nAChR desensitization (16), leading to memory impairment in otherwise healthy individuals (17).

The Theory of Planned Behavior and E-cig Use: Impulsive ... - PubMed

The current paper applied the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB; Ajzen & Fishbein, 1988) to understand how impulsive personality traits and attitudes concerning e-cig use relate to the likelihood of electronic cigarette (e-cig) use. Seven hundred and fourteen participants (Mean age = 34.04, SD = 1 …

Teen Vaping Is a Public Health Crisis: What You Need to Know

Vaping among preteens and teens has reached a crisis point, according to a 2019 survey, and it threatens to undo years of public health efforts that had led to a decline in nicotine use.. Parents should be concerned because: Vaping increases the risk of teens developing an addiction to nicotine.

Can vaping damage your lungs? What we do (and don’t) know

The rising popularity of vaping has been dramatic, especially among teenagers.According to a 2019 study, about 37% of high school seniors reported vaping in 2018, up from 28% the year before.An estimated 2.1 million middle school and high school students reported using e-cigarettes in 2017; that number jumped to 3.6 million in 2018.A more recent survey found that among high school seniors ...

Health Risks Of Vaping: Let's Stick To The Science And Speculate Less

A growing body of evidence gathered over the last 15 years has shown that using an electronic cigarette ("vaping") is probably far safer than smoking and likely to help smokers quit their deadly habit forever. Certain segments of the public health establishment have reacted oddly to these results—they've ignored them and treated vaping as a serious threat.

What If Your Adolescent Contracts a Vaping Illness?

A recent string of vaping illnesses across the country have been strongly linked to vitamin E acetate, an additive often found in illicit vape cartridges. The CDC has reported 2,602 cases and as many as 57 deaths. If you believe your child has been injured from vaping, contact the mass tort lawyer from Dunken Law Firm, as you may be eligible for compensation from the product’s manufacturer. Have your case evaluated for free today, by calling (713) 554-6780 or reaching us online.

What are the negative effects of vaping?

Vaping can often lead to problems with decision making, memory, impulse regulation, emotional control, and addiction.

What to do if your child is injured from vaping?

If you believe your child has been injured from vaping, contact the mass tort lawyer from Dunken Law Firm, as you may be eligible for compensation from the product’s manufacturer. Have your case evaluated for free today, by calling (713) 554-6780 or reaching us online.

How many high school students vape?

It is estimated that more than one in four high school students vape, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). That translates to 27.5 percent of students in 2019, an alarming increase from 11.7 percent in 2017.

Do e-cigarettes contain nicotine?

Some e-cigarette labels do not disclose that they contain nicotine , and some are marketed as not containing any nicotine, although they have been found to. It is vital to make children and teens aware of the potential dangers of vaping. Learn more about vaping lawsuit.

Can vaping cause dehydration?

Increased Thirst: Vaping can cause dehydration. If your child is vaping, they may increase their liquid consumption, or you may see dark circles under their eyes.

Is vaping harmful to teens?

The surge in adolescent vaping, according to data from the 2016 National Youth Tobacco Survey, is: Due to the availability of flavors, such as mint, candy, fruit or chocolate (31 percent) Believing that vaping is less harmful than other forms of tobacco, such as cigarettes (17.1 percent)

What is VBA smoking?

Developed in response to the concerns raised above, a new form of intervention, “very brief advice” (VBA) on smoking, is considered to have a greater level of utility when compared with the traditional 5As approach.29VBA on smoking is a simple, person/patient centered approach that professionals can deliver effectively in less than 60 seconds if time pressures are such that this is required.31When using VBA, professionals are encouraged to ask patients about their smoking, acknowledging that they may have tried to stop many times in the past, and to discuss the options that exist to support a quit attempt, that is, behavioral support and pharmacotherapy.32Review-level evidence demonstrates that advizing people of the best way to stop and offering support and treatment, wherever it is available locally, are the most effective ways of generating quit attempts.33The key mechanism is the positive focus on offering assistance rather than the negative judgment that may be associated with advising people to stop (which they generally know they should do).31VBA, therefore, presents another useful tool in the smoking cessation armory of professionals.

What are the theories of smoking cessation?

Smoking cessation interventions are commonly influenced by theories of behavior change , including the Transtheoretical model (often referred to the stages of change model)14the Health Belief Model15and/or Social Cognitive/Learning theory.16Key aspects of the various models include a focus on the importance of motivation, self-efficacy, consideration of barriers and benefits to change, subjective norms, attitudes, and cues to action.14–16In recent years, West and colleagues have promoted the PRIME theory of motivation,23,24which they developed in response to what they perceived to be deficits in previous theories, particularly the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change.15In brief, PRIME theory considers cigarette addiction to be a disorder of motivation and it seeks, through a conceptualization of smokers’ plans, responses, impulses, motives, and evaluations to help practitioners understand what they can do to help patients/clients overcome their addiction (a detailed account of PRIME theory can be found in West,17and McEwan and West.18

What is the 5A approach?

The 5As approach, which is adopted in several countries worldwide, including the United Kingdom, the United States of America, and Australia,5,6,9provides health professionals who are not smoking cessation specialists with a useful framework for structuring brief smoking cessation advice/intervention s.27,28The 5As approach assists initially in identifying smokers by encouraging health professionals to ‘ask’ patients/clients if they smoke/use tobacco. It then suggests that they ‘assess’ willingness to stop smoking, ‘advise’ on the importance of quitting, offer ‘assistance’ in the form of pharmacotherapy and/or referral for behavioral support, and ‘arrange’ a follow-up appointment, if possible, with those patients who wish to stop smoking.

How effective is smoking cessation?

Importantly, smoking cessation interventions (brief and intensive) have been shown to be an extremely cost-effective way of preserving life and reducing ill-health .12Costs per quality adjusted life year (QALY) for all smoking cessation interventions (brief and more intensive and those including pharmacotherapy) are low.13The QALY is a measure of disease burden including both the quality and quantity of life lived and is used in assessing the value for money of health care interventions.12Parrot et al13have shown that cost-effectiveness estimates (costs to the health care provider per discounted life year gained) are lowest for brief advice (£174); adding self-help materials and NRT brings this to £269. Brief advice, self-help materials, NRT, and specialist cessation services cost £255 per year gained. Although the cost increases as each of these components are added, the effectiveness of the intervention also increases. The addition of each of the components increases the total number of life years gained. In the United Kingdom, a QALY that costs less than £20,000 to £30,000 is considered to be cost-effective; therefore, smoking cessation interventions are considered to be highly cost-effective.12This commentary paper provides an overview of the important role of behavioral interventions in encouraging and supporting smoking cessation attempts. It also discusses some recent advances in the field and considers the role of the multidisciplinary team of health professionals who have contact with people who smoke.

What is the best treatment for nicotine addiction?

Tobacco smoking is a learned behavior that results in a physical addiction to nicotine for the majority of smokers.2,3Accordingly, stopping smoking can be difficult for many individuals, and it is recommended that interventions include behavioral and pharmacological support.4–6Clinical guidelines suggest the use of pharmacotherapy such as nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), bupropion, and varenicline to assist patients with nicotine withdrawal.4–6

How do behavioral interventions help with tobacco addiction?

Linked to the above, behavioral interventions take the form of advice, discussion, encouragement, and other activities designed to help quit attempts succeed.19Interventions generally employ behavior change techniques, addressing factors such as self-efficacy and motivation (often using motivational interviewing techniques).20,21Enhancing motivation is an important part of the overall treatment for tobacco addiction as it increases smokers’ enthusiasm, sense of purpose, and will to quit.22Interventions may also seek to maximize self-regulatory capacity and skills (eg, strategies for reducing exposure to smoking cues) and include adjuvant activities such as giving advice on pharmacotherapy and encouraging social support (eg, among group members or from family).20Interventions should be tailored to individual need, where feasible.20

What are the most common interventions?

The most common and readily available interventions take the form of brief advice/interventions, individual behavioral counseling, group behavior therapy programs, telephone counseling, and self-help materials.

What are the theories of health behavior change?

Most theories of health behavior change view the decision to initiate and maintain a new health behavior as governed by individuals’ evaluations of the associated costs and benefits ( Weinstein, 1993 ). This value expectancy orientation, focused on future outcomes resulting from a behavior change, is shared by many current theories: Health Belief Model ( Janz and Becker, 1984 ), Theory of Reasoned Action ( Ajzen and Fishbein, 1980 ), Theory of Planned Behavior ( Ajzen, 1991 ), Social Cognitive Theory ( Bandura, 1986 ), Subjective Expected Utility Theory ( Sutton, 1987 ), Protection Motivation Theory (Maddux and Rogers, 1983) and the Transtheoretical Model of Health Behavior Change ( Prochaska et al ., 1992 ). Although the theories differ in the specific factors that are hypothesized to guide people’s behavioral decisions (e.g. social norms, self-efficacy, perceived risk and perceived severity), they also all assume—either explicitly or implicitly—that the processes that underlie the initiation of a new behavior are the same as those that determine maintenance of an initiated changed in behavior ( Rothman, 2000 ).

How is smoking behavior measured?

Smoking behavior is measured at a baseline orientation session, weekly during treatment and then monthly post treatment. Weekly and monthly assessments of smoking include number of days of smoking in the past week, number of cigarettes smoked daily or, if they have quit, the date of their last cigarette. At the final assessment, 18 months from baseline, abstinence from smoking will be determined from self-report. These data will allow us to calculate rates of 7-day point prevalence and periods of continuous abstinence.

What are the sessions in a smoking cessation program?

Participants in both groups are encouraged to quit smoking between Sessions 4 and 5. Sessions 5 and 6 focus on helping participants through the initial withdrawal period. Sessions 7 and 8 address the issue of maintaining cessation.

What is the primary focus of the intervention?

Treatment strategies that are designed to change expectations are the primary focus of the intervention. In order to test the current theory of health behavior change and to evaluate the mediational role of positive and negative expectations for the initiation and the maintenance of change, it is essential that participants’ expectations are modified differentially in each treatment condition.

What is intervention session?

Intervention sessions consist of an informational presentation by the group facilitator and group discussion. Between sessions, participants are asked to complete homework assignments which instruct participants to describe their smoking-related behavior during the week and to respond to questions designed to elicit specific types of cognitions. Typically, these assignments extend activities begun during the session.

What is the theory of planned behavior?

The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) was developed by Icek Ajzen as an attempt to predict human behavior (Ajzen, 1991). The TPB posits that attitude toward the behavior, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control influence behavioral intention.

What is the purpose of the Theory of Planned Behavior constructs?

The purpose of the study was to determine the extent the Theory of Planned Behavior constructs account for the variability of condom use behaviors among college students. Consistent and correct condom use can help reduce the spread of STIs among sexually active individuals including college students. It is critical to understand college students’ intentions and attitude towards condom use and the TPB can help explain that. Therefore, TPB constructs which include behavioral intention, attitude towards behavior, subjective norm, normative belief, and perceived behavioral control were operationalized in the study.

What is the construct of behavioral intention?

The construct of behavioral intention (p < 0.001) was a significant predictor of the participants’ condom use behavior. The construct of behavioral intention accounted for 15% of variability in the participants’ condom use behavior. Perceived behavior control also significantly predicted respondents’ condom use behavior and it accounted for 35% of the variance (see table 2).

What statistical analysis was used to evaluate condom use behavior?

Descriptive statistics were run on the demographic data to describe the sample and chi-square analyses were also used to evaluate the participants’ condom use behavior. Stepwise multiple regression analyses were performed to find which of the constructs account for the variance of the participants’ condom use behaviors. All data were analyzed using the SPSS 19.0 for Windows.

Who reported condom use in students enrolled in a personal health and wellness course?

Florence C. Reported condom use in students enrolled in a personal health and wellness course. Thesis Indiana State University Terre Haute, Indiana. 2012Retrieved from: http://hdl.handle.net/10484/3986.

Which model addresses the inter-relationship between behavior and the environment?

The first model, the socioecological model, addresses behavior change at multiple levels and considers the inter-relationship between behavior and the environment. The model accounts for multiple factors that can influence the behavior change process.

Why is the transtheoretical model useful?

This model is useful because it helps planners design programs based on an individual’s readiness, motivation, and ability.

What is a model in a theory?

Merriam-Webster defines a theory as “an idea or set of ideas that is intended to explain facts or events.” Models refer to a more descriptive process. In other words, a model may describe how a process occurs but not necessarily why it occurs in that way.Theories and models both include concepts and constructs. Concepts are the primary components of a model or theory. Constructs are components that have been created for use in a specific model or theory. These terms are important to understand when discussing models and theories (Glanz, Rimer, & Lewis, 2002).

How effective are vaping and e-cigarettes?

On the one hand, research shows e-cigarettes and vaping are an effective component in smoking-cessation programs, i.e. helping people quit. On the other hand, the development of products like the Juul – a vape device that looks like a computer flash drive – and the marketing of flavored vape products has caused an uproar in our culture. Most people see the flash drive look and fruity flavors as thinly veiled marketing ploys by vape companies to target young people. They suspect companies want to get teens hooked on nicotine. That way, they create customers driven not by consumer choice, but by addiction.

What happens if you catch a teen vaping?

It does mean, however, that if you catch your teen vaping nicotine or marijuana, they share that same habit with other teens who do, in fact, get in fights, damage school property, and participate in gang violence.

Is vaping bad for teens?

There are certainly worse things teenagers could be doing than vaping nicotine. But the fact remains that nicotine is a highly addictive drug, long-term nicotine use can cause severe health problems, and vaping itself damages the lungs.

Is vaping good for seniors?

The increases in marijuana vaping are not large, but they’re notable: 50% for seniors and close to 100% for both tenth and eighth graders. The developing trend to take away from the nicotine and marijuana data is that that vaping seems to be more acceptable to middle and high school age kids than smoking. Experts suggest teens believe it’s less harmful overall, which increases the chance they’ll try it instead of traditional smoking.

Is San Francisco banning e-cigarettes?

No one likes that idea. In fact, the City of San Francisco is on the verge of banning e-cigarette sales altogether, as part of an effort to control the startling rise in youth vaping over the past several years. Disclaimer: e-cigarettes are certainly not the root of all evil in the world.

Is hot vapor bad for you?

Translation for this post: hot vapor is not as bad for human lungs as smoke, but it’s still bad for human lungs.

Is vaping marijuana dangerous for teens?

In addition, they found something else interesting: teens who vape marijuana are at a higher risk of engaging in violent behavior or committing property offenses than teens who ingest marijuana through smoking or some other means.

Learning Objectives

LO1: Discuss how sociology uniquely contributes to an understanding of vaping and vaping related deaths.

Discussion Questions

How can the concept of the medicalization of deviance be applied to this issue? In other words, how does being able to label conditions as an illness rather than an addition or preference for illegal drugs influence the social sentiment related to vaping products?

Assessment

1. A study of the interactions among drug dealers and their clients and the influence this has on the epidemic of vaping-related illness would be best analyzed at the…

Why do e-cigarettes have heating elements?

The reasons have to do with the way e-cigarettes are designed. The devices use a heating element to aerosolize an inhalable liquid containing nicotine, solvents and, often, flavorings . But the devices are available in different wattages, and some devices allow users to turn up the power settings, which results in more vapor and a bigger hit of nicotine. “Users can get around the restrictions on nicotine by increasing the power,” explains Alison Breland, PhD, an assistant research professor of health psychology at VCU and co-principal investigator at the CSTP.

Why is it so hard to predict the outcome of e-cigarette regulations?

Predicting the outcomes of e-cigarette regulations is tricky, because the devices and their users vary so much. The amount of nicotine and toxicants that an e-cigarette delivers depends on a combination of the device design, the content of the liquid, and user behaviors such as the rate at which users puff and how long they inhale. Putting together all of those pieces requires a transdisciplinary effort, and the CSTP has embraced the team approach. In 2018, the center won the APA Prize for Interdisciplinary Team Research, which included $5,000 to put toward their continuing research efforts.

What is TCORS in tobacco?

Realizing the agency needed science to guide its regulatory efforts, the FDA joined with the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to create the Tobacco Centers of Regulatory Science (TCORS) at research institutions throughout the country. Eissenberg had been studying tobacco products since 1999, and he jumped at the chance to get involved. In 2013, the CSTP was launched with a five-year, $18.3 million TCORS grant.

What are the questions that VCU is tackling?

Hoping to help regulators strike that balance, the team is tackling a broad set of questions about how e-cigarettes work, how much nicotine and toxicants they deliver, and how people are using them. To answer those questions, the VCU team has partnered with researchers at institutions including the American University of Beirut in Lebanon, Johns Hopkins University, the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, the University of Southern California and the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center.

How much nicotine is in an electronic cigarette?

In the European Union, regulations require e-cigarette liquids to contain no more than 20 mg per mL. In the United States, the liquid might contain two or even three times as much nicotine. Now, American legislators are considering similar regulations limiting the nicotine in vaping liquid in an effort to protect public health.

Why is it important to understand regulatory responses?

Understanding such responses is critical for ensuring regulations benefit public health without creating unintended consequences , Cohen says. “That allows regulators to close policy loopholes, maximize the individual and public health benefits from their policies and minimize the harms.”

Is e-cigarette smoke harmful?

Proponents maintain that e-cigarettes are a less harmful alternative to traditional cigarettes since they can contain fewer dangerous contaminants than tobacco smoke and may serve as a transitional product to help smokers eventually quit nicotine altogether. But others raise concerns that e-cigarettes could be harmful if they undermine people’s attempts to quit smoking, or encourage nonsmokers to start using nicotine.

Introduction

Current Theories of Health Behavior Change

Method

• Study design
  Our initial study is designed to test the effects of interventions targeting participants’ outcome expectations on short- and long-term smoking cessation. Smokers are randomly assigned to one of two group treatment programs designed to modify their expectations about the outcomes an…
• Participants
  Six hundred smokers are being randomly assigned to one of the two intervention conditions. Eligible smokers are over the age of 18 with at least a 2-year history of smoking 10 or more cigarettes per day. Pregnant women are excluded because the pregnancy might introduce motiv…

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Weight Loss Intervention

Concluding Remarks

Notes

Author Notes