Vaping FAQs

is vaping worse than cigarettes yes or no

by Narciso Weimann Published 2 years ago Updated 1 year ago
image

1: Vaping is less harmful than smoking, but it's still not safe. E-cigarettes heat nicotine (extracted from tobacco), flavorings and other chemicals to create an aerosol that you inhale. Regular tobacco cigarettes contain 7,000 chemicals, many of which are toxic.

Full Answer

What is more harmful vape or smoking?

Which is more harmful, vaping or smoking? Smoking is definitely more harmful as carbon monoxide and tar are by-products of tobacco combustion, and studies have shown that vaping is 95% less harmful than smoking.

Is vaping actually any healthier than smoking?

Several studies have shown that e-cigarettes contain similar toxic chemicals as regular cigarettes. Also, considering all the above information, we can’t say that vaping is healthier than smoking. The long term effects of vaping are not yet known, but science suggests that vaping is not a safe alternative.

How dangerous is vaping compared to smoking?

Vaping is safer than smoking cigarettes! However, it doesn’t change the fact that you are still inhaling a lot of bad stuff into your lungs. Vapes contain A LOT LESS chemicals than your traditional nicotine cigarette. When smoking a cigarette, you’re smoking a lot of stuff, including Carbon Monoxide, which can harm your blood cells.

Why is vaping now more dangerous than smoking cigarettes?

Vaping may be worse for you than traditional smoking, a new study claims. Greek researchers found that flavorings in e-cigarettes harm the lungs by causing inflammation. Experiments, conducted on...

image

What are 5 risks of vaping?

Vaping has been linked to lung injury.Rapid onset of coughing.Breathing difficulties.Weight loss.Nausea and vomiting.Diarrhea.

What are 10 risks of vaping?

Serious & Potentially Long-Term Effects of VapingNicotine addiction.Severe lung injury.Seizures.Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP), formerly known as idiopathic bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia (BOOP)Popcorn lung.Strokes.Heart attacks.

Should I vape to quit smoking?

Nicotine vaping is substantially less harmful than smoking. It's also one of the most effective tools for quitting smoking. Vaping is not recommended for non-smokers and young people because it is not completely harmless.

How many puffs of a vape is equal to a cigarette?

10 puffsTypically, manufacturers advise that 10 puffs on your vape are about the same as 10 puffs on your cigarette. They further speculate that 10 puffs are all you take on one cigarette. Of course, this varies based on how big your puffs are, how strong your vape device is, and how much nicotine you are using.

Is it better to vape or smoke?

1: Vaping is less harmful than smoking, but it's still not safe. E-cigarettes heat nicotine (extracted from tobacco), flavorings and other chemicals to create an aerosol that you inhale. Regular tobacco cigarettes contain 7,000 chemicals, many of which are toxic.

Why is vaping good for you?

The e-liquids used in these devices are less harmful and do not leave any residue, such as tar, in your lungs. Also, it does not affect people and around you when you smoke. Vapes help in reducing your blood pressure, improve your immunity, ease your breathing, and also, make your lungs function normally.

How do lungs heal from vaping?

However, there are certain lifestyle behaviors you can practice to try and accelerate the rate at which your lungs heal.Drink Lots Of Water. ... Eat Healthy Foods. ... Exercise Regularly. ... Cough. ... Clean Your Living Space. ... Practice Deep Breathing. ... Try Steam Therapy.

Is it harder to stop vaping or smoking?

The biggest reason teens cannot quit vaping is that the e-cig juice used in e-cigarettes can deliver a higher dose of nicotine than that found in conventional cigarettes. Naturally, the higher the dose of nicotine, the more addicted the vaper becomes, and the more difficult it becomes to quit.

How safe is vaping?

Vaping is not completely risk-free, but it poses a small fraction of the risk of smoking cigarettes. The long-term risks of vaping are not yet clear. E-cigarettes do not produce tar or carbon monoxide, two of the most harmful elements in tobacco smoke.

How many vape puffs a day is too much?

There is no specific number of puffs that can be considered safe. The biological factors and several modes are one of the factors that an acceptable daily intake of nicotine is based on.

How much should you vape a day?

A moderate smoker (10-19 cigarettes per day) should vape approximately 0.5-0.75ml daily. A light smoker (<10 cigarettes per day) should vape approximately 0.25 - 0.5ml daily.

How often should you vape a day?

There is no one answer to the question of how often you should vape, as it depends on a variety of factors. Some people may find that they enjoy vaping every day, while others may only want to vape occasionally. The most important thing is to figure out what works best for you and stick to it.

What does vaping do to your brain?

The majority of vape liquids contain nicotine. In addition to being highly addictive, nicotine alters the neurotransmitters in the brain. It has been found to slow brain development in teens and affect memory, decision-making, concentration, self-control, and mood.

What are the long term risks of vaping?

These risks include nicotine addiction, mood disorders, and permanent lowering of impulse control. Nicotine also changes the way synapses are formed, which can harm the parts of the brain that control attention and learning.

What are 5 facts about vaping?

10 Things You Need to Know About the Vaping EpidemicE-Cigarettes Contain Nicotine. ... Vapes Contain Other Harmful Chemicals. ... E-cigarettes are not Safe Just Because They are a Water Vapor. ... Young Adults are More Likely to Vape. ... Vaping is Addictive. ... Vaping Could be a Gateway Drug. ... Vaping Causes Heart and Lung Issues.More items...

Why do teenagers vape?

addiction, they like the “hit” they get from nicotine. appealing flavors (e.g. fruit, candy, dessert) devices are seen as trendy, or a status symbol. they consider vaping “harmless” and “safer than smoking” in order to quit or cut down on smoking.

Why do young people use e-cigarettes?

Many young people say they’ve tried e-cigarettes in part because of the appealing flavors. More than 80% of teen users say their first e-cigarette product was flavored.

How old do you have to be to sell e-cigarettes?

Enforce the new federal law that raised the minimum age for sale of tobacco products from 18 to 21 years.

What do tobacco companies want to do?

Tobacco companies want to hook a new generation on nicotine and smoking.

Is vaping bad for health?

E-cigarettes’ biggest threat to public health may be this: The increasing popularity of vaping may “re-normalize” smoking, which has declined for years. Reversing the hard-won gains in the global effort to curb smoking would be catastrophic. Smoking is still the leading preventable cause of death and is responsible for 480,000 American lives lost each year.

Is vaping harmful to you?

The American Heart Association recommends proven methods to successfully quit smoking. Many people think vaping is less harmful than smoking.

Can vaping harm a pregnant woman?

Most e-cigarettes deliver nicotine, which is highly addictive and can harm the developing brains of teens, kids and fetuses in women who vape while pregnant. Some types expose users to even more nicotine than traditional cigarettes.

Can you use e-cigarettes if you don't smoke?

People who do not currently smoke or use tobacco products should not use e-cigarettes.

How many participants were recruited in the first study of e-cigarettes?

In the first study, researchers looked at the impact of e-cigarettes on lipids and glucose in the blood. They recruited 476 healthy human participants without cardiovascular disease who were either nonsmokers, e-cigarette-only smokers, smokers of e-cigarettes and tobacco cigarettes and those who smoked tobacco cigarettes only.

Is it safe to smoke e-cigarettes?

But when it comes to your heart health, a pair of recent studies show e-cigarettes are just as dangerous – and possibly are even more dangerous – than traditional cigarettes.

Is LDL cholesterol higher in e-cigarettes?

Results showed that total cholesterol and LDL or “bad” cholesterol was higher in sole e-cigarette users compared to nonsmokers. The researchers said that the findings suggest that if tobacco cigarette smokers who use e-cigarettes for a healthier alternative to tobacco won’t benefit by the switch.

Is vaping dangerous?

Vaping May Be More Dangerous Than Cigarette Smoking, Studies Show. Some people take up vaping – or inhaling vapor from electronic cigarettes – to avoid the health hazards of smoking cigarettes made with tobacco.

Does vaping cause heart disease?

The first study found that vaping can worsen several heart disease risk factors at levels equal to tobacco cigarettes, while the second found that e-cigarettes decrease blood flow in the heart even more than tobacco cigarettes.

Can vaping cause lung injury?

There already is a clear connection between e-cigarettes and a lung condition called E-cigarette or Vaping Product Use-Associated Lung Injury (EVALI), Dr. Cireddu says.

Does blood flow decrease after smoking?

In smokers who smoke tobacco cigarettes, blood flow increased modestly after cigarette inhalation and then decreased with subsequent stress. However, with those who vaped, blood flow decreased after inhalation at rest and also after handgrip stress.

What percentage of teens use vaping?

According to survey data collected between 2014 and 2017, 9% of middle and high schoolers reported that they were current vaping users. Vaping was most common among Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islanders (18%), as well as American Indian and Alaskan Native teens (13%). About 10% of White and Hispanic teens vaped, and vaping was least common among Black (5%) and Asian teens (4%).18 The percentage of teens who reported vaping doubled between 2017 and 2019.19 In 2019, about 28% of highschoolers and 11% of middle schoolers reported e-cigarette use. Most teens who vaped reported that they used flavored products.20 Two 2020 surveys found that the percentage of students vaping decreased early in the year. A CDC study analyzing data from the National Youth Tobacco Survey, a study of over 14,000 students, found that about 20% of 9th-12th grade students and 5% of 6th-8th grade students reported that they used e-cigarettes in the last 30 days.21 A different survey conducted by researchers from the University of Michigan, funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, studied over 8,000 students in only the 10th and 12th grades, and found that 22% reported vaping in the last 30 days.22 Although these numbers are still high, and comparable to the statistics in 2018,17 they are notably lower than 2019. E-cigarette use may have dropped due to growing awareness of the dangers of these products, including media coverage of young men hospitalized with serious lung damage.22,23 The drop may also be due to raising the legal age for the purchase of tobacco products and the ban on flavored products.22,24

What are E-cigarettes?

E-cigarettes are battery-operated devices that were initially shaped like cigarettes, but now include vape mods, Juuls, and vape pens. Some look like flash drives or highlighter pens, making it easy for teens to hide them in plain sight. The brand-name products contain nicotine, an addictive drug that is naturally found in tobacco and that stimulates, causes stress during withdrawal, and then feels relaxing as continued exposure follows withdrawal. It is the nicotine in cigarettes that makes smoking so addictive, and the same is true for most vaping and juuling. These electronic products allow nicotine to be inhaled, and they work by heating a liquid cartridge containing nicotine, flavors, and other chemicals into a vapor. Because e-cigarettes heat a liquid instead of tobacco, what is released is considered smokeless.3

How do electronic cigarettes work?

These electronic products allow nicotine to be inhaled, and they work by heating a liquid cartridge containing nicotine, flavors, and other chemicals into a vapor. Because e-cigarettes heat a liquid instead of tobacco, what is released is considered smokeless.3.

What is the FDA's guide to e-cigarettes?

The Director of Communications at the FDA’s Center for Tobacco Products has written this guide to help parents identify these hidden e-cigarettes. The FDA has also helped create this pamphlet for parents and teens to discuss the risks of vaping, and it provides resources for saying “no” and for quitting.

Why did the e-cigarette market drop?

E-cigarette use may have dropped due to growing awareness of the dangers of these products, including media coverage of young men hospitalized with serious lung damage. 22,23 The drop may also be due to raising the legal age for the purchase of tobacco products and the ban on flavored products.22,24.

Is vaping harmful to DNA?

Although there are clearly serious dangers from vaping, more research is needed to confirm the impact of vaping on DNA damage, especially in children. Meanwhile, claims that e-cigarettes are an effective strategy to quit smoking are not supported by the evidence thus far.

Which tobacco companies have their own e-cigarettes?

The big three tobacco companies—Lorillard, Reynolds American, and Altria Group —all have their own e-cigarette brands, so it’s not surprising that e-cigarettes are being marketed and advertised much the way regular cigarettes used to be. Here are the 7 Ways E-Cigarette Companies Are Copying Big Tobacco’s Playbook.

How do electronic cigarettes differ from combustible cigarettes?

But while both electronic and combustible cigarettes contain nicotine, they differ in the mechanism by which they deliver the chemical to the user. With e-cigarettes, a metal coil heats liquid in the vaping device, which then releases nicotine as an aerosol that people inhale. With combustible cigarettes, burning tobacco releases nicotine particles.

Why are there fewer regulations for e-cigarettes than for tobacco products?

Because there are fewer regulations for e-cigarettes than there are for tobacco products, manufacturers have much more leeway in what they put in their e-devices, including how much nicotine each vaping cartridge can provide.

What causes a cigarette to burn?

Inflammation is also a result of smoking, but the causes are slightly different. To start with, combustible cigarettes are made from, wait for it, 7,000 chemicals, including all kinds of less-than-stellar things, like acetone (a.k.a. your nail polish remover) and arsenic, which is used to poison rats, according to the American Lung Association. Those chemicals can do damage to your lungs in several ways: 1 The smoke irritates and inflames your lung tissue. 2 Your lungs produce excess mucus to try and protect themselves from infection. 3 Inflammation and mucus constrict your airway. 4 The micro-hairs lining your lungs, called cilia, that are designed to keep lungs clean are destroyed. 5 The toxic chemicals you inhale are passed into your blood, and then circulated around your body.

Why do people smoke e-cigarettes?

“The patients I see tell me they smoke because it makes them feel more relaxed ,” says Humberto Choi, M.D., a pulmonologist at the Cleveland Clinic in Ohio. “They cannot stop because the nicotine addiction is so strong.”

What are the byproducts of smoking tobacco?

Still, it’s the byproducts of burning tobacco when you smoke that have alarmed health experts the most over the years, including cadmium (found in batteries), lead and ammonia (also used in cleaning products). “The argument is that without combustion, you don’t have the byproducts which are pretty nasty,” says Glantz.

What are the ingredients in an electronic cigarette?

So what ingredients can you find in your electronic cigarette? Let’s start with propylene glycol (also known as antifreeze), and acrolein, frequently used as a weed killer. Formaldehyde is another (a known human carcinogen) and benzene (found in car exhaust). It wouldn’t be that big of a leap, then, to assume those things are probably not great for the state of your lungs or adding years to your life.

How long did it take to get hooked on e-cigarettes?

It took a little getting used to, but after about a month, you were hooked. No smoke in your clothing, no icky aftertaste in your mouth, no rummaging through your bag to find your lighter again. Not that you gave up cigarettes entirely—but now you had another way to satisfy your cravings, one you figured was better for your health. After all, no one dies from e-cigarettes, right?

How many people died from vaping in 2020?

As of Jan. 21, 2020, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) confirmed 60 deaths in patients with e-cigarette, or vaping, product use associated lung injury (EVALI).

Why are e-cigarettes so popular?

First, many teens believe that vaping is less harmful than smoking. Second, e-cigarettes have a lower per-use cost than traditional cigarettes.

How many chemicals are in e-cigarettes?

E-cigarettes heat nicotine (extracted from tobacco), flavorings and other chemicals to create an aerosol that you inhale. Regular tobacco cigarettes contain 7,000 chemicals, many of which are toxic. While we don’t know exactly what chemicals are in e-cigarettes, Blaha says “there’s almost no doubt that they expose you to fewer toxic chemicals than traditional cigarettes.”

How many people want to quit smoking?

If you have thought about trying to kick a smoking habit, you’re not alone. Nearly 7 of 10 smokers say they want to stop. Quitting smoking is one of the best things you can do for your health — smoking harms nearly every organ in your body, including your heart. Nearly one-third of deaths from heart disease are the result of smoking and secondhand smoke.

Is nicotine a substance?

Nicotine is the primary agent in both regular cigarettes and e-cigarettes, and it is highly addictive. It causes you to crave a smoke and suffer withdrawal symptoms if you ignore the craving. Nicotine is also a toxic substance. It raises your blood pressure and spikes your adrenaline, which increases your heart rate and the likelihood of having a heart attack.

Can you use THC in a vape?

The CDC recommends that people: Do not use THC-containing e-cigarette, or vaping, products. Avoid using informal sources, such as friends, family or online dealers to obtain a vaping device. Do not modify or add any substances to a vaping device that are not intended by the manufacturer.

Is e-cigarettes as addictive as heroin?

Both e-cigarettes and regular cigarettes contain nicotine, which research suggests may be as addictive as heroin and cocaine. What’s worse, says Blaha, many e-cigarette users get even more nicotine than they would from a tobacco product — you can buy extra-strength cartridges, which have a higher concentration of nicotine, or you can increase the e-cigarette’s voltage to get a greater hit of the substance.

How many chemicals are in a cigarette?

After all, the average cigarette has some 4,000 chemical compounds, including dozens of confirmed carcinogens, while my e-cig cartridges contained just five: distilled water, nicotine, glycerin, propylene glycol, and some flavoring.That’s a flimsy argument: “something with lots of scary chemicals is less dangerous than something with just a few scary chemicals.”

When did e-cigarettes start?

E-cigarettes have been around since 2003 and we still don’t know much about their health effects or safety. But, as we’ve pulled the flavored smoke from our Juuls and similar vaporizers, we’ve blindly assumed one thing: they have to be a better idea than smoking cigarettes.

Is vaping bad for your lungs?

Vaping also seems to trigger potentially harmful immune responses in the lungs. It's not just tasty air. “As time passes, the evidence that these are a lot more dangerous than people thought keeps piling up,” says Dr. Stanton Glantz, Director of UCSF’s Center for Tobacco Research, Control & Education.

Do e-cigarettes stop smoking?

As encouraging as the data was a few years ago, it’s starting to look like that’s not the case. The FDA is yet to approve them as a smoking cessation aid and a recent CDC study found that most adult e-cigarette users — 58.8 percent of them — don't stop smoking cigarettes and instead wind up using both products.

Is vaping safe for food?

It’s actually FDA-approved for use in food (believe it or not it’s common in pre-made cake mix) but when heated to vaping temperature it can produce the carcinogen formaldehyde. In other words, just because something is safe to eat doesn’t mean it’s safe to be inhaled. (Duh.)

Is vaping better than smoking?

If you’re going to smoke it’s clearly better to go with e-cigarettes. In fact, the U.K.’s Public Health England had published a review concluding vaping was 95 percent less harmful than smoking. A Greek study had found 81 percent of people in a group of over 19,000 had successfully used e-cigs to quit. I’d heard (and inhaled) enough.

Is smoking bad for you?

Cigarettes might be the least controversial enemies of your health. They cause cancer, emphysema, heart disease, even impotence. While saturated fat and alcohol still have their supporters, nobody is rushing to cigarettes’ defense. Enter e-cigarettes, which were new, high-tech, and came with no proven health risks.

What are the dangers of nicotine-laced e-liquids?

To begin with, nicotine has the potential to harm adolescents’ still-developing brains. It has a negative impact on the development of foetuses in pregnant women.

Can children use e-cigarettes?

As a result, e-cigarettes should not be used by children or pregnant women. Furthermore, before turning to e-cigarettes, smokers who are having trouble quitting should attempt other methods of stopping smoking. This is due to the fact that vapes are not regarded to be useful or beneficial in the scientific community. As a result, they may work for some individuals, but they are not for everyone.

Is vaping 510 thread safe?

While cigarettes are unquestionably dangerous and vapes are a better option, they are not always ‘healthy.’ There are a few reasons why 510 thread batteries vapes are not the healthiest option. They do, however, assist smokers in quitting conventional cigarettes. At the same time, vaping has become very common among young people all over the world.

Is vaping bad for you?

According to experts, the most serious danger of vaping is that it may normalize the act of smoking. This would be terrible since smoking is now more widely frowned upon than it was, say, 20 years ago. Smoking is still one of the top causes of mortality in the world, despite the fact that it may be avoided. For example, smoking kills approximately 480,000 people in the United States every year.

Does nicotine juice contain more nicotine than cigarettes?

Depending on the nicotine content in the e-juice, certain nicotine juices expose you to more nicotine than conventional cigarettes.

Is vaping better than smoking?

Yes, in certain ways. Vaping may be thought of as a healthier alternative to smoking. This is due to the fact that they do not contain the toxins found in cigarette smoke. Vapes may definitely be regarded healthier in this regard.

How is vaping different from smoking?

There is no such difference in using both. The difference is that smoking produces nicotine by using tobacco, which is more to cause health decline. While vaping produces nicotine by producing a liquid as it is less effective in health decline.

Why do vapes cause gum disease?

Because of the substantial amount of nicotine found in vapor emission items, like vapes and cigarettes, consumers of such drugs are at an increased risk of developing gum diseases such as gingivitis and periodontitis. These gum infections can get progressively worse over time if not detected and properly managed.

How does smoking affect your body?

Smoking can cause a huge effect on your body. It reduces sperm count and can easily trigger asthma attacks. Smoking can easily increase the risk of stroke. The usage of nicotine can cause blockage in veins and arteries. Moreover, the smokes of cigarettes are more harmful to the people around you as vapes don’t do any harm to anyone that’s around you.

Is vaping a good alternative to smoking?

It is a risky practice, with significant health threats. For many reasons, vape should not be promoted as a safe alternative to smoking. However, fewer people do smoke than ever before or start smoking. They also use various ways of distribution of smoking and vaping.

Does vaping help with weight gain?

Many people look around to avoid weight gain. Vaping can easily help since it is an appetite suppressant as the effects of nicotine. Sometimes people who stop working for weight loss might have noticed that vaping is an easy way to do so. It’s already been proved that vaping can help to prevent weight gain. Many reports have shown that smokers after quitting smoking results in weight gain. It has caused an increase in obesity. While vaping does help nonsmokers to have control over the increasing weight gain.

Does vaping cause cancer?

As one of its key selling points should be repeated that vaping would not induce oral cancer. Nor contribute to some other form of cancer we know of. Also, even said, remember that vaping is still a very young form of technology, so any long-term health risks might not be recognized yet.

Is vaping safe?

While vaping is not harmless, it’s the safer choice between the two. You can get different varieties of flavors from NextDayVapes. On the online shopping from NextDayVapes, you can get a 10% discount on every order.

How many micrograms of diacetyl are in a cigarette?

Diacetyl is the flavoring that they were blaming the popcorn lung on, and a study named “Determination of toxic carbonyl compounds in cigarette smoke” was published in 2006 that claimed that one cigarette could contain more than 400 micrograms of diacetyl, that is equivalent of 30 cartridges of e-liquid. So it’s still healthier to vape.

Is one lesser evil versus the other healthy?

Neither are healthy. One lesser evil versus the other is all it is. It's still very new so not that much research is out

Is vaping a long term health issue?

It is essentially steam, with more (non-carcinogenic) chemicals. There are no studies that show conclusively that vaping has any long-term health effects.

Is vaping a smoking cessation method?

Yes. Public Health England even recognise vaping as one of the most successful smoking cessation methods currently available.

Is popcorn lung safe?

The bottom line is, it's safer than cigs, none of the ingredients are toxic or carcinogenic, and popcorn lung is a myth.

Is smoking cigarettes healthier than smoking tobacco?

Yes, not doing either is ultimately the healthier option. But of the two, if you break down what it actually is that you're inhaling, smoking cigarettes is quite obviously objectively healthier than smoking tobacco.

Can smoking cigarettes cause cancer?

Look at it in realistic terms; cigarettes are known and proven to cause myriad types of cancer, heart disease, COPD, etc. You are inhaling smoke, filled with insane amounts of carcinogens.

image

Many downsides. Few Potential upsides.

Image
E-cigarette promoters claim the devices can help people quit smoking. But much more evidence is needed to determine if they are an effective way to quit. Research suggests that users are more likely to continue smoking along with vaping, which is referred to as “dual use.” The American Heart Association recommends proven …
See more on heart.org

A Threat to Kids and Young people.

  • Tobacco companies want to hook a new generation on nicotine and smoking. 1. They spent more than $8.6 billion on aggressive marketing in 2017 alone. That’s more than $23 million each day and almost $1 million every hour! 2. Nearly 80% of middle and high school students — that’s 4 out of 5 kids — were exposed to e-cigarette advertising in 2016. 3. E-cigarettes are now the most co…
See more on heart.org

More Effort and Research Are Needed.

  • The Surgeon General called e-cigarette use among young people a “public health concern.” The American Heart Association shares that view. That’s why we advocate for stronger regulations that: 1. Include e-cigarettes in smoke-free laws. 2. Regulate and tax e-cigarettes in the same way as all other tobacco products. 3. Remove all flavors, including menthol, which make these produ…
See more on heart.org

What’s The Bottom Line?

  1. Kids, young people and pregnant women should not use or be exposed to e-cigarettes.
  2. People trying to quit smoking or using tobacco products should try proven tobacco cessation therapies before considering using e-cigarettes, which have not been proven effective.
  3. People who do not currently smoke or use tobacco products should not use e-cigarettes.
See more on heart.org

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9