is vaping safer than smoking scholarly artilce

Full Answer

What information are we missing so far for e-cigarettes?

As mentioned, a majority of available studies provide evidence that e-cigarette vaping is less detrimental than cigarette tobacco smoking, 6,7 however, the number of long-term studies and the amount of mechanistic insights are still limited. If one considers that e-cigarette vaping is associated with a decrease in the average age of first-time (e)-cigarette users, the ‘healthier’ e-cigarette profile might easily be abrogated (or even reversed) by the higher proportion of adolescent users. Therefore, it is possible e-cigarette vaping could adversely impact the overall population disability-adjusted life years thereby producing a higher disease burden.

What mechanisms are responsible for cardiovascular, pulmonary, and cerebral side effects of e-cigarettes?

Acute vaping of one e-cigarette increases heart rate and causes arteries to stiffen and dysfunction of the endothelial lining of arteries, even in healthy smokers. 8 It is important to note that the endothelium regulates the correct dilation and constriction of blood vessels, protects tissues from toxic substances and regulates inflammation and blood clotting processes. Endothelial dysfunction is involved in the development of cardiovascular disease and accordingly represents an early predictor of cardiovascular risk.

Is vaping bad for the cardiovascular system?

Future research should particularly focus on the long-term adverse effects of e-cigarette vaping on the cardiovascular system or respiratory diseases and cancer, as strong evidence is still missing. Individuals exposed to second-hand vapour will especially benefit from any increased knowledge concerning the impact on cardiovascular disease from e-cigarette vaping.

Does switching from tobacco to e-cigarettes improve endothelial function?

Actually, there are several studies demonstrating an improvement in endothelial function in response to switching from tobacco to e-cigarettes. For example, within 1 month of switching from tobacco smoking to e-cigarette vaping there was a significant improvement in endothelial function and vascular stiffness ( Figure 1 ). 5 Females benefited more from switching than males did in every between-group comparison. Those who complied best with switching to e-cigarettes demonstrated the largest improvement.

Is smoking cessation more effective than smoking tobacco?

There is no doubt, however, that smoking cessation is and will remain the most powerful approach to prevent smoking-induced cardiovascular and respiratory disease.

Does vaping cause inflammation?

Animal data demonstrate that short-term e-cigarette vaping causes hypertension, inflammation in lungs, brain, and vessels due to the induction of inflammation and oxidative stress, most likely mediated by primary toxicants in emissions such as acrolein, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde.

Can e-cigarettes cause cardiovascular disease?

A recent review of published literature indicated there is still limited evidence suggesting that e-cigarette use may lead to fewer negative cardiovascular effects than conventional cigarettes. 9 The studies presented in this review have shown that e-cigarettes can induce negative cardiovascular effects through various mechanisms such as oxidative stress, inflammation, DNA damage, arterial stiffness, and altered haemodynamics and platelet activity, individually and in combination with one another. These effects suggest pathways through which chronic e-cigarette use may increase the development of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, additional high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to conclusively determine the safety and efficacy of e-cigarettes.

What are E-cigarettes?

E-cigarettes are battery-operated devices that were initially shaped like cigarettes, but now include vape mods, Juuls, and vape pens. Some look like flash drives or highlighter pens, making it easy for teens to hide them in plain sight. The brand-name products contain nicotine, an addictive drug that is naturally found in tobacco and that stimulates, causes stress during withdrawal, and then feels relaxing as continued exposure follows withdrawal. It is the nicotine in cigarettes that makes smoking so addictive, and the same is true for most vaping and juuling. These electronic products allow nicotine to be inhaled, and they work by heating a liquid cartridge containing nicotine, flavors, and other chemicals into a vapor. Because e-cigarettes heat a liquid instead of tobacco, what is released is considered smokeless.3

Is Vaping Safer than Smoking Traditional Cigarettes?

The key difference between traditional cigarettes and e-cigarettes and related products is that the latter don’t contain tobacco. But, it isn’t just the tobacco in cigarettes that causes cancer and other serious diseases. Traditional cigarettes contain a laundry list of chemicals that are proven harmful, and e-cigarettes have some of these same chemicals.

What percentage of teens use vaping?

According to survey data collected between 2014 and 2017, 9% of middle and high schoolers reported that they were current vaping users. Vaping was most common among Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islanders (18%), as well as American Indian and Alaskan Native teens (13%). About 10% of White and Hispanic teens vaped, and vaping was least common among Black (5%) and Asian teens (4%).18 The percentage of teens who reported vaping doubled between 2017 and 2019.19 In 2019, about 28% of highschoolers and 11% of middle schoolers reported e-cigarette use. Most teens who vaped reported that they used flavored products.20 Two 2020 surveys found that the percentage of students vaping decreased early in the year. A CDC study analyzing data from the National Youth Tobacco Survey, a study of over 14,000 students, found that about 20% of 9th-12th grade students and 5% of 6th-8th grade students reported that they used e-cigarettes in the last 30 days.21 A different survey conducted by researchers from the University of Michigan, funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, studied over 8,000 students in only the 10th and 12th grades, and found that 22% reported vaping in the last 30 days.22 Although these numbers are still high, and comparable to the statistics in 2018,17 they are notably lower than 2019. E-cigarette use may have dropped due to growing awareness of the dangers of these products, including media coverage of young men hospitalized with serious lung damage.22,23 The drop may also be due to raising the legal age for the purchase of tobacco products and the ban on flavored products.22,24

How do electronic cigarettes work?

These electronic products allow nicotine to be inhaled, and they work by heating a liquid cartridge containing nicotine, flavors, and other chemicals into a vapor. Because e-cigarettes heat a liquid instead of tobacco, what is released is considered smokeless.3.

What is the FDA's guide to e-cigarettes?

The Director of Communications at the FDA’s Center for Tobacco Products has written this guide to help parents identify these hidden e-cigarettes. The FDA has also helped create this pamphlet for parents and teens to discuss the risks of vaping, and it provides resources for saying “no” and for quitting.

Why did the e-cigarette market drop?

E-cigarette use may have dropped due to growing awareness of the dangers of these products, including media coverage of young men hospitalized with serious lung damage. 22,23 The drop may also be due to raising the legal age for the purchase of tobacco products and the ban on flavored products.22,24.

What is the National Center for Health Research?

The National Center for Health Research is a nonprofit, nonpartisan research, education and advocacy organization that analyzes and explains the latest medical research and speaks out on policies and programs. We do not accept funding from pharmaceutical companies or medical device manufacturers.

What do tobacco companies want to do?

Tobacco companies want to hook a new generation on nicotine and smoking.

What does a battery operated device look like?

The battery-operated devices come in many forms and can look like conventional cigarettes, pens or even sleek tech gadgets. Users inhale and exhale a vapor-like aerosol. This way of taking in nicotine poses health risks to both users and non-users.

How old do you have to be to sell e-cigarettes?

Enforce the new federal law that raised the minimum age for sale of tobacco products from 18 to 21 years.

Why do young people use e-cigarettes?

Many young people say they’ve tried e-cigarettes in part because of the appealing flavors. More than 80% of teen users say their first e-cigarette product was flavored.

Is vaping safer than smoking?

The American Heart Association recommends proven methods to successfully quit smoking. Many people think vaping is less harmful than smoking. While it’s true that e-cigarette aerosol doesn’t include all the contaminants in tobacco smoke, it still isn’t safe. Here are just a few of the reasons why:

Is vaping bad for health?

E-cigarettes’ biggest threat to public health may be this: The increasing popularity of vaping may “re-normalize” smoking, which has declined for years. Reversing the hard-won gains in the global effort to curb smoking would be catastrophic. Smoking is still the leading preventable cause of death and is responsible for 480,000 American lives lost each year.

Is vaping harmful to you?

The American Heart Association recommends proven methods to successfully quit smoking. Many people think vaping is less harmful than smoking.

What is vaping in teens?

Vaping involves breathing in an aerosol that contains several chemicals, including nicotine and flavoring, through an e-cigarette or other device. A 2018 survey found that vaping is growing in popularity among teenagers.

What is the chemical in cannabis that produces a high?

THC is the chemical in cannabis that produces a high. According to a 2018 study. Trusted Source. that looked at infrequent cannabis smoking in adults, vaping THC produced stronger mind-altering effects than smoking a similar amount of weed.

How many people died from vaping in 2020?

Trusted Source. , by early 2020, there had been a total of 2,807 hospitalizations or deaths from vaping. However, the CDC also acknowledge that since the removal of vitamin E acetate from vaping products, along with other harmful ingredients, the number of symptoms that people experience from vaping has declined.

What parts of the body can cancer be found in?

can cause cancer in nearly any part of the body, including the lungs, kidneys, and stomach

Can you vape and smoke?

The AHA state similar information. They indicate that the studies on this subject are not comprehensive and that vaping to quit smoking may lead to dual use. Dual use occurs when someone vapes and smokes interchangeably.

Is vaping safer than smoking?

According to Johns Hopkins Medicine, vaping may be slightly less harmful than smoking. They note that a person who smokes inhales about 7,000 chemicals, whereas vaping likely involves a lower number of chemicals.

Is vaping dangerous?

Vaping also delivers several dangerous chemicals, including diacetyl, cancer-causing chemicals, heavy metals, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Vaping may normalize smoking again as it becomes more popular. , by early 2020, there had been a total of 2,807 hospitalizations or deaths from vaping.

Why did the FDA take this action?

How? By helping smokers quit.

How effective is vaping for smoking?

Some studies have suggested that e-cigarette use can be modestly helpful for smokers trying to quit. For example, an analysis of 61 studiesfound that e-cigarette use was more effective than other approaches to quitting smoking. The study authors estimated that out of every 100 people who tried to quit smoking by vaping, nine to 14 might be successful. When only using other methods, such as nicotine patches or behavioral counselling, only four to seven smokers out of 100 might quit. A separate study suggests vaping may help smokers who aren’t able to quit reduce the number of cigarettes smoked per day— at least for six months, the duration of the study.

How many people died from e-cigarettes in 2019?

Severe, potentially fatal lung injury. In 2019, doctors began seeing people who had recently vaped and developed shortness of breath, cough, fever, and extensive lung damage. Dubbed EVALI(e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury), more than 2,800 cases and 68 deaths were reported. The condition has been linked to vapors containing THC and a form of vitamin E (called vitamin E acetate) used as a thickening agent when vaping THC. Cases have fallen markedly since 2020. Possibly because of falling case numbers, the FDA announcement of new vaping products didn’t even mention EVALI, which seems odd. If you do vape, see these recommendationsto reduce the risk of EVALI.

How old do you have to be to vape?

An alarming number of middle-school and high-school age kidsreport vaping, despite the nationwide prohibition against selling e-cigarette products to anyone under age 18 (21 in some states). Its popularity is partly related to the marketing of flavors known to appeal to minors, such as bubblegum and berry-flavored products. According to one national survey, approximately 85% of teen vaping involved non-tobacco flavored products.

How many people in the US are vaping?

It’s not surprising: e-cigarette use, or vaping, has become remarkably popular in recent years. About 6% of adults in the US now report vaping. That’s about 15 million people, double the number from just three years ago. Of course, regular cigarettes are known to cause cancer and a host of other health problems.

Is vaping harmful to kids?

the high exposure to nicotine and other toxic chemicals through vaping may be particularly harmful to kids because of their smaller body size

Is vaping safer than smoking cigarettes?

Despite claims that vaping is less harmful than smoking cigarettes and that it might help smokers quit, concern about its risks is well deserved.

What solvents are used to dissipate nicotine?

The conventional solvents for the dissolution of nicotine or THC have been propylene glycol and glycerol, and these are the best studied. Initially thought to be benign, there is now some research demonstrating that propylene glycol when vaporized causes significant respiratory irritation and even increases the incidence of asthma. The breakdown products from heating propylene glycol and glycerol to target temperatures include formaldehyde and hemiacetals such as acetaldehyde. Formaldehyde is a Group 1 carcinogen that contributes a 5–15 times higher lifetime risk of cancer. It is present in traditional smoked tobacco in much lower quantities. Hemiacetals such as acrolein and acetone have been implicated in nasal irritation, cardiovascular effects, and lung mucosal damage and these byproducts are produced in higher quantities with higher voltage devices. Basically, as the temperature of the coil increases, the carcinogenic risk of vaping approaches that of traditionally smoked cigarettes.9,10,16–18

What is the basic design of vaping?

The basic design of the device, in the case of vaping both tobacco and marijuana, is largely unchanged from the original patent by Gilbert. There is a reservoir that holds an oil or liquid, a mouthpiece, and a heating element. Theoretically, vaporizing the liquid does not combust it and saves the person va ping from exposure to byproducts generated by high heat . However, there is no regulation of these devices and no agreed upon standard temperature. There appears to be a wide variance in the quality of the components of these devices depending on the price of purchase.2,10,11,16,28

Is vaping regulated?

The pharmacologically active components of vaping products are not regulated, and the methods by which they are extracted and suspended in solution vary greatly. The user believes they are inhaling a pure form of THC (the active component of marijuana) or nicotine but there is often little regard for what else is being inhaled concomitantly. The risk profiles of these inhaled chemical mixtures change significantly depending upon the method by which they are vaporized or heated.15–17

What metals are used in heating elements?

There are multiple different metals used for the heating element, including: Nichrome (nickel-chrome), tungsten, stainless steel, and Kanthal (Ferritic iron chromium aluminum alloy) among others. Powered by a battery, the element wire is heated to a temperature range around 375–525 degrees. The long term effects of sustained exposure to the oxide products of these metals are unknown.2,16,28

Is vaping harmful?

Good clinical evidence is lacking regarding the potential harm of vaping or the potential benefits. There are some problems with studying something like vaping. For one thing, any research has to make a distinction between vaporizing marijuana and vaporizing tobacco and this is not always possible. Additionally, the methods by which people vaporize tobacco and marijuana differ. As far as tobacco devices go, there are many brands with many different compositions and construction designs. Regarding the vaporization of marijuana, there are no standardized devices and there are no standard formulations.

Is vaping safer than smoking?

With the current body of evidence and the outbreak of EVALI in 2019, it is incumbent upon all healthcare practitioners to advise patients that vaping should not be considered safer than smoking and that there are very real and new dangers associated with vaping that still require further study. Providers must learn more about the dangers of vaping and identify adverse health effects from this practice in patients. An evidence-based approach to smoking cessation based on established data and practice patterns is needed.

Is vaping bad for you?

All of the medical dangers of vaping are unknown. Only a small number of people who admit to vaping marijuana are doing so for medical reasons, and there are almost no studies. A large number of people believe that vaping tobacco is a healthy way to quit, and this belief has been fostered by the tobacco industry.6,14There is no strong clinical signal in the direction of using electronic cigarettes as an effective method of quitting smoking. It is difficult to hold an informed discussion with patients about the potential risks and benefits of vaping. Potential risks come from multiple places: device specific concerns, the makeup of the liquid products being vaporized, and the potential for toxicity of both nicotine and marijuana when inhaled in concentrated forms.

Why is vaping so successful?

Vaping is more success full than other methods because it also mimics (mimics, not reality) other parts of the smoking "experience.". You're inhaling. It has a flavor. It produces what looks like, but isn't, smoke.

Does vaping help with smoking?

ACSH has previously reported that vaping very likely helps smokers quit cigarettes, and maybe even nicotine, for good. Citing some of the same literature we have, Barton reached a similar conclusion about smoking cessation. While acknowledging the limitations of these studies ( discussed here ), she explained:

Is vaping safe for 2021?

By Cameron English — May 25, 2021. Despite increasing evidence that vaping is safer than smoking, uncertainty surrounds the long-term effects of electronic cigarette use. Many in the tobacco control field have used the lack of data to speculate about these unknown risks.

Is vaping bad for you?

After contrasting the overall risk of vaping with smoking, Barton added that some preliminary studies have indeed associated e-cigarette use with various negative outcomes. For example, an onslaught of headlines in mid-2019 warned the public about an outbreak of “e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury” (EVALI). Under-reported at the time was the fact that the injury-causing devices were typically purchased illegally and contained THC or certain dangerous additives, which made them far more harmful than the nicotine-containing devices adult customers can legally purchase in licensed vape shops in the US and UK. Surveying the literature nearly two years later, we get a better sense of the problem:

Is nicotine replacement a tobacco product?

According to Nicotine and Tobacco Research, "If all products containing nicotine derived from tobacco were labeled as 'tobacco products' internationally, then nicotine-replacement therapies would be classified as tobacco products, which they are clearly not.".

Can you buy THC in vape shops?

Under-reported at the time was the fact that the injury-causing devices were typically purchased illegally and contained THC or certain dangerous additives, which made them far more harmful than the nicotine-containing devices adult customers can legally purchase in licensed vape shops in the US and UK.

Is vaping better than smoking?

Compared to the typical news report about vaping —"Vaping is not better than smoking, and it still causes long-term lung damage"—Barton's article illustrated how we should talk about scientific issues when the evidence surrounding them is evolving. Let's consider a few examples.

Many downsides. Few Potential upsides.

See more on heart.org

A Threat to Kids and Young people.

More Effort and Research Are Needed.

What’s The Bottom Line?