Are You being exposed to office vaping?
With most e-cigarette users vaping at work and the majority of employees reporting seeing coworkers vaping indoors, it may be difficult to escape being exposed to workplace vaping. Research shows that workplace vaping bothered most adults (63.2%), although rates varied by industry:
Is it legal to vape indoors?
Whether vaping indoors is allowed is very much up to the rules of the establishment, and the local state laws. It is challenging to keep up with what the current status is regarding vaping indoors, but the trend is shaping up as such: wherever smoking indoors is banned, vaping is sure to follow.
Should vaping be treated like smoking in the workplace?
Smoking has been banned from most workplaces for a long time, but vaping presents new issues for employers. So should the smokeless alternative be treated like cigarettes? Employers should consider state and local laws, company culture, health risks and accommodations when developing their e-cigarette policies, employment law attorneys said.
Can You vape in a cubicle or office?
Some workplaces may have a designated area set aside just for vapers. Some may only allow vaping to take place in a smoker’s area either outside or an appointed smoker lounge inside. It may be the case, however doubtful, that vaping in a cubicle or office would be allowed.
Where is vaping banned?
What are the rules of vaping?
What is the act of inhaling an aerosol, or vapor, that’s produced by an electronic?
What is the definition of smoking in California?
What states have vaping laws?
Is vaping legal at work?
Can an employer ban vaping?
See 4 more
About this website
Do people vape in the office?
A series of pioneering peer-reviewed research articles from Truth Initiative published in academic journals reveal that vaping pervades the workplace with more than three-fourths (76%) of e-cigarette users vaping at work, triggering the urge to smoke and vape in nearly half of tobacco users.
Can I get fired for vaping at work?
Smoking/vaping isn't a protected class, and as long as the policy was applied to all employees, yes, you could be terminated.
Is vaping the same as smoking in the workplace?
It is ILLEGAL for an employer or owner-operated business to allow any person to smoke in an enclosed space (with only certain exemptions). Smoking includes the use of an electronic smoking device, whether or not it contains nicotine. For example, the use of e-cigarettes and vape pens is prohibited.
Should vaping be allowed inside?
Ultimately, only you can decide whether you want to vape inside your home. Although vaping outside is recommended, vaping inside may be fine for someone who isn't afraid of a little extra cleaning once in a while. Not to mention, a whole lot warmer! Prefer to stick to vaping alfresco?
Can you vape in Starbucks?
Vaping is considered smoking under Starbucks' no-smoking policy. This includes the patio.
Is it better to vape or smoke?
1: Vaping is less harmful than smoking, but it's still not safe. E-cigarettes heat nicotine (extracted from tobacco), flavorings and other chemicals to create an aerosol that you inhale. Regular tobacco cigarettes contain 7,000 chemicals, many of which are toxic.
What happens when you vape inside?
When tobacco products are smoked inside homes, substances including nicotine settle onto surfaces and form toxic thirdhand smoke. Similarly, when vaping happens inside, aerosol containing nicotine settles on surfaces and leaves behind a toxic residue much like tobacco products.
How can you tell if your house is vaping?
“The biggest thing to look for is paraphernalia, like chargers, cartridges, cartridge packs, e-juice bottles, etc.” he said of items that are left out inadvertently. Parents may smell odors if a child is vaping in the bathroom or bedroom, and they may spot symptoms if their child vapes a synthetic drug, he added.
Can you vape while working?
Most workplaces will have a designated smoking area outside the building where it will be safe to vape. If you would prefer to avoid cigarette smoke, you can vape elsewhere. Find a place that looks appealing and is out in the open air, and start vaping.
Can you vape indoors in Texas?
For the most part, vapers can enjoy their devices in public with the exception of schools, daycares, and government buildings. This includes playgrounds, parking areas and drop off lines. However, college campuses, hospitals, and other places may designate smoking areas on site where it is safe to vape.
Is it better to vape or smoke?
1: Vaping is less harmful than smoking, but it's still not safe. E-cigarettes heat nicotine (extracted from tobacco), flavorings and other chemicals to create an aerosol that you inhale. Regular tobacco cigarettes contain 7,000 chemicals, many of which are toxic.
How Are You Handling Vaping at Work? - SHRM
Employers should consider state and local laws, company culture, health risks, and accommodations when developing their e-cigarette policies.
E-Cig State Laws in 2022 - License to Vape
It’s important to have the latest information on all laws that affect vaping. We’ve compiled the latest laws in all 50 states for you. Just check out the
Vaping At Work Rules | DavidsonMorris
Whether or not it is acceptable to vape at work will depend on any prohibition or restrictions put in place by your employer. Vaping in the workplace is not illegal, although many organisations will limit this to designated outside areas.
Vaping and E-Cigarette Laws by State - Findlaw
Vaping and e-cigarette laws are complex. Vape pens vary and can be adapted to use tobacco, liquid nicotine, marijuana, herbs, and more. Furthermore, while federal law allows 18-year-olds to purchase tobacco products, some states put the minimum age at 21.
6 Strategies for Addressing Workplace Vaping - HR Daily Advisor
In case you haven’t noticed, the use of e-cigarettes—also called vaping—is on the rise. As a result, many HR managers and benefit consultants are still playing catch-up to answer questions from employees, colleagues, and executives. Some of those questions include: “Are e-cigs as disruptive to productivity and as harmful as other tobacco products?” “Should e-cigs […]
COVID-19, vaping and returning to the workplace safely
The virus that causes COVID-19 attacks the lungs and poses a serious threat to tobacco users, both smokers and vapers.
VAPING PERVADES THE WORKPLACE
A Truth Initiative study published in the Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine finds that it is increasingly pervasive: more than three-fourths (76%) of e-cigarette users reported vaping at work themselves — nearly one-fifth (19.1%) of the surveyed population. The majority of adults surveyed (61.6%) observed coworkers vaping at work.
WORKPLACE VAPING BOTHERS MOST AND DECREASES PRODUCTIVITY
With most e-cigarette users vaping at work and the majority of employees reporting seeing coworkers vaping indoors, it may be difficult to escape being exposed to workplace vaping. Research shows that workplace vaping bothered most adults (63.2%), although rates varied by industry:
RESTRICTIONS ON WORKPLACE VAPING ARE NOT COMMON DESPITE EMPLOYEE SUPPORT FOR SUCH POLICIES
Smoke-free air policies have been shown to increase cessation attempts, decrease cigarette consumption, and ultimately, reduce smoking prevalence. It is possible that prohibiting e-cigarette use in the workplace would support cessation in a similar way.
THE NEED FOR WORKPLACE QUIT VAPING PROGRAMS FOR EMPLOYEES AND FAMILIES
In addition to comprehensive tobacco-free policies that specifically address e-cigarettes, employees and families need help to quit vaping. The majority of adult e-cigarettes users plan to quit and most young people who vape want to stop.
The EX Program helps companies help their employees quit tobacco
The EX Program is a tobacco cessation program designed for employers and health plans. It combines scientific leadership in digital tobacco cessation from Truth Initiative with clinical expertise from Mayo Clinic. The EX Program includes:
EMPLOYER-BASED QUIT-VAPING PROGRAMS CAN PLAY A CRITICAL ROLE IN OVERALL EMPLOYEE HEALTH
As employers navigate a safe and healthy return to the workplace, tobacco cessation should be front and center. Digital tobacco cessation programs are uniquely poised to help tobacco users quit and stay quit during the extraordinary challenges of this global pandemic and beyond.
Where is vaping banned?
School buildings, playgrounds, college campuses, childcare facilities, and hospitals are places where vaping is often banned by specific statute. If you work in one of these facilities there is a good chance that you will have no right to vape, even in the absence of a state statute that expressly bans vaping in the workplace.
What are the rules of vaping?
While the rules surrounding vaping are subject to change, there are two rules of thumb that you should follow: Comply with your employer’s Vaping policy. In general, private employers have broad discretion when it comes to instituting work-related policies.
What is the act of inhaling an aerosol, or vapor, that’s produced by an electronic?
You may not know precisely what it means, but more than likely you’ve at least heard of the term “vaping.”. Vaping is the act of inhaling an aerosol, or vapor, that’s produced by an electronic cigarette ("e-cigarette").
What is the definition of smoking in California?
At the same time, Section 22950.5 of California’s Business and Professions Code defines “smoking” to include “an electronic smoking device that creates an aerosol or vapor, in any manner or any other form, or the use of any oral smoking device for the purpose of circumventing the prohibition of smoking.”.
What states have vaping laws?
Some states include e-cigarettes or vaping in their statutory definition of smoking, tobacco, or nicotine. These states include Colorado, California, Delaware, District of Columbia, Hawaii, Indiana, Maine, Maryland, ...
Is vaping legal at work?
Many states and local governments have banned vaping e-cigarettes at work. In most of the country, workplace smoking is either banned or highly regulated by state law. In states where smoking is permitted at work, it is often limited to a designated area of the work premises and may be illegal within a certain distance of ...
Can an employer ban vaping?
If your employer has banned vaping there is a good chance it is legally entitled to do so by state statute, administrative code, or locally enacted regulations. In addition, remember, your employer is generally entitled to act even when there is no state law or regulation on the books.
How should employers approach vaping at work?
Ideally, therefore, you should implement a clear workplace policy, in writing, setting out the rules relating to both tobacco and e-cigarette smoking onsite, including the potential disciplinary consequences of any breach of these rules.
Is it safe to smoke e-cigarettes?
While debate continues about the level of safety of e-cigarettes, as the long-term impact of their use on people’s health remains inconclusive, they are generally considered to be safer for users than smoked tobacco. There is also very little evidence of harm to bystanders from exposure to e-cigarette vapour, where any health risks from passive vaping are likely to be low.
Is it OK to vape at work?
Whether or not it is acceptable to vape at work will depend on any prohibition or restrictions put in place by your employer. Vaping in the workplace is not illegal, although many organisations will limit this to designated outside areas.
Can I be sacked for vaping at work?
If vaping at work is banned, or limited to designated areas, any unauthorised use of vaping devices, such as outside of normal rest breaks or in prohibited areas, could potentially result in disciplinary action, including dismissal.
Can you vape in the workplace UK?
In the UK, vaping in the workplace is a matter of discretion for the employer, although many organisations treat the use of e-cigarettes much in the same way as smoking, by only allowing this in designated outside areas.
Is it illegal to vape in a business?
It is not illegal, of itself, to vape on business premises. This is because e-cigarettes fall outside the legal definition of ‘smoking’ set out under the UK’s smoke-free legislation. However, some organisations may still ban vaping onsite.
Can you be disciplinary for vaping at work?
Still, any disciplinary action taken against an employee for vaping at work must be fair. This means that the employee must be made aware of any prohibition or restriction on vaping, either through clear warnings or a written workplace policy. For example, if your organisation already has a smoking policy, but it doesn’t reference electronic cigarettes, employees may be confused about whether vaping at work is covered. As such, the language within that policy will need to be revised. Your workforce should also be informed of any changes to a workplace policy before they take effect, providing reasonable notice of these changes.
Who is the author of the book "Vaping in the workplace"?
However you decide to address vaping in the workplace, always do it with the best interest of everyone in the workforce in mind. Author: Alan Sinclair.
What does "vaping areas" mean?
That means assigning “vaping areas”, much like the smoking areas that are given to employees who smoke in organisations where smoking in the workplace is still allowed. This is to make sure that those who use electronic cigarettes as a smoking cessation tool can continue to have the freedom to do so at work.
What are e-cigarettes?
To the uninitiated, e-cigarettes are battery-run cigarette-shaped devices that simulate the experience of smoking tobacco by vapourising what is referred to as an “e-liquid” for users to inhale. Typically, the main ingredients in e-liquid are propylene glycol, glycerin, nicotine, and flavourings. However, there are e-liquids being sold that does not contain propylene glycol, nicotine, or flavours.
Can you ban vaping at work?
This makes banning vaping in the workplace outright a bit trickier than usual. While you, as an employer, have the right to address the issue however you see fit, you might want to discuss this with your legal counsel before implementing such a policy. Banning e-cigarettes sounds simple enough, but you need to keep in mind that doing so could have an impact on their efforts to finally quit smoking real cigarettes. When that happens, you might find yourself at the receiving end of legal complaints accusing you of taking that tool away from them.
Is vaping a workplace issue?
Nevertheless, vaping in the workplace needs to be addressed. As with any workplace issue, there are several factors that need to be considered. Let’s discuss some of those factors, including one that appears to be simple but could bring about unwanted complications if they go about it without utmost care.
Can you mix vapers and smokers?
Mixing vapers and smokers not a good idea. In case your organisation still allows smoking in the workplace in designated areas, do not make the mistake of having vapers use the same areas as smokers.
Can you buy e-cigarettes in Australia?
Unless you get a prescription from your doctor saying that you want to use e-cigarettes as a smoking cessation tool, using e-cigarettes filled with nicotine is illegal in Australia.
Why is vaping important in the workplace?
Bottom line: vaping in the workplace is important to address, largely because vaping can impact everyone in your workforce. It’s time to add vaping language to your workplace tobacco policies—and evaluate options to add a smoking cessation program that provides tailored support to e-cigarette users and even parents of kids who vape.
Why do you need to add vaping to your workplace?
First, you need to protect all employees from exposure to potentially harmful particulate emissions.
What percentage of high school students use e-cigarettes?
Twenty eight percent of high school students are current e-cigarette users, up from 20.8% in 2018. And, to make matters worse, most parents are flying blind. According to Truth Initiative research, almost 75% of parents indicated they received no communication from their child’s school regarding e-cigarettes.
Can vaping affect your work?
What this means is that even if you have a small number of people vaping at work, those handful of people who are vaping may be affecting a much larger segment of your workforce. Vaping may also be distressing your employees in other ways.
Is vaping harmful?
Vaping isn’t harmless, either for e-cigarette users themselves or for those exposed to secondhand aerosol. First and foremost, the long-term effects of e-cigarette use are not yet known. Most e-cigarettes contain nicotine, which is highly addictive. In addition, the aerosol from e-cigarettes can contain cancer-causing chemicals.
Is vaping a problem?
Vaping in the workplace is a bigger problem than most employers think. According to the recently released Surgeon General’s Report on Smoking Cessation, just 3.2%of U.S. adults vaped in 2018. That’s a pretty low number, and it’s been stable for about the past 5 years. But new research shows that vaping in the workplace is a much bigger concern ...
Do vapers use e-cigarettes?
Few vapers use e-cigarettes exclusively ; nearly 60% of adult e-cigarettes users were also smokers according to a 2015 CDC survey. Being able to use e-cigarettes at work may prolong or intensify their addiction and make it more difficult to quit smoking.
Which states have banned vaping?
Some states—such as Alaska, California, Delaware, Hawaii, Maine, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Rhode Island, Utah and Vermont, as well as Washington, D.C.—broadly prohibit vaping in places where smoking is banned. Other states ban vaping in specific places such as child care facilities, state government buildings, schools and enclosed workspaces.
What is an electronic cigarette?
Electronic cigarettes (which are also called e-cigarettes, e-cigs, vaporizers and electronic nicotine delivery systems) are battery-operated devices that sometimes look like a traditional cigarette, a pen or a USB flash drive but can take on a variety of other forms . Users puff them to inhale an aerosol that usually contains nicotine, flavorings and other chemicals—though not all e-cigarettes contain nicotine. Use of these devices is commonly called vaping.
Is vaping harmful to pregnant women?
The CDC does say that vaping can be harmful to children, pregnant women and adults who have never used nicotine products.
Can employers have vaping?
Depending on their location, employers may have the discretion to treat vaping as they want , said Jay Hux, an attorney with Fisher Phillips in Chicago. But employers should consider state and local regulations when developing a policy.
Should employers evaluate their smoking policies?
Employers should evaluate their smoking policies to ensure clarity about the scope of the products covered and what areas of the worksite are covered by any smoking ban, Betts said. Consider whether employees can bring e-cigarettes into certain areas, or if they are completely banned from the property.
Is it illegal to smoke an e-cigarette in the workplace?
Some local municipalities also have enacted bans on e-cigarettes in enclosed workplaces . As a result, in some jurisdictions, allowing e-cigarette use in the workplace would be unlawful, Betts noted.
Is vaping good for quitting smoking?
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has not approved e-cigarettes as a smoking-cessation product.
What states have e-cigarette laws?
Connecticut. As of July 6, 2015, Connecticut law (Public Act No. 15-206) regulates the use of e-cigarettes in public places. Areas that are prohibited include: restaurants, state buildings, healthcare facilities, school campuses and buildings, and child care facilities.
Is the FDA regulating e-cigarettes?
Though the FDA has standardized rules for e-cigarettes sales, the specific usage of them is regulated at the state level. The Public Health Law Center has gathered together every state’s regulation for e-cigarettes (as of June 15, 2016), which includes the specific state code / law reference.
Does Michigan have a smoking ban?
Michigan’s Smoke-Free Air Act of 2009 outlines the smoking laws within the state . The law does not specifically mention the use of electronic cigarettes. As such, it is assumed that ‘no smoking’ laws and signage do not apply to vaping. The state does have a comprehensive guide to current laws on tobacco products. ‘No smoking’ laws do prohibit smoking in public places, but these do not cover electronic cigarette use. It is assumed that ‘no smoking’ signage does not apply to e-cigarettes. We found no explicit mention of ‘no vaping’ signage and whether they prohibit the use of e-cigarettes.
Is there a law that prohibits smoking in public?
There are no state laws that prevent the use of electronic cigarettes in public. Local municipalities may enact laws that restrict use. ‘No vaping’ signage is not mentioned in any of the state laws and it is assumed that ‘no smoking’ signs do not apply to vaping. Click template to edit. Click template to edit.
Is Louisiana a smoke free state?
The Louisiana Smokefree Air Act (Jan. 2007) outlines the current smoking regulations in the state. Smoking is prohibited in outdoor public places, public buildings, and businesses. There are no current state regulations that prevent the use of electronic cigarettes in public places. Local ordinances may differ from those of state law. All Louisiana restaurants and workplaces are smoke-free. Though not adopted under the smoke-free law, e-cigarettes may be prohibited by certain workplaces. To our knowledge, no vaping signage is not mentioned in state law. More information on the Louisiana smoke-free laws can be found on the Tobacco Free Louisiana website.
Is there a smoking law in Kentucky?
Kentucky has limited smoke-free laws, which are found in the Kentucky Clean Indoor Air Act (1994). There are currently no regulations on vaping within the public places. It is assumed that ‘no smoking’ signage does not apply to e-cigarette use. Nor could we find any specific no vaping or no e-cigarettes signs or signage laws. There is currently a push to enact a smoke-free law that would protect workers.
Does Idaho have a smoke free zone?
The Idaho Clean Indoor Air Act (2007) outlines smoke-free laws within the state, which includes prohibiting smoking in public buildings, unless such building has a designated smoking area. The Clean Indoor Air Act does not set forth statewide legislation regarding the use of electronic cigarettes. State law does allow local ordinances to be passed, so we recommend checking with your city or town government to understand what is accepted. No Vaping signage is not mentioned in the law, but it assumed that no smoking signs do not have force of law for e-cigarette use.
Can e-cigarettes help you quit smoking?
Overall, the research on whether e-cigs can help people quit smoking is still “inconclusive,” per the CDC, and the Food and Drug Administration hasn’t approved them as a quitting aid.
Is it safe to smoke e-cigarettes?
She says that E-cigarettes fall somewhere in the middle, as far as overall safety. “A lot of people in the public health sector believe they are safer than tobacco cigarettes,” Middlekauff tells Mic, “but they’re not harmless.”
Is vaping safe?
What’s more, there’s no known safe amount of vaping, and certainly no known threshold for developing the lung illness that has sickened e-cig users, Middlekauff says.
Can you crank up an e-cigarette to a high temperature?
High voltages (5V) have been associated with the formation of more potentially cancer-causing formaldehyde, or formaldehyde-containing compounds, than even tobacco cigarettes generate. If you own one of these devices, “definitely don’t crank it up to a super high temperature ,” Middlekauff says (although she notes that the findings have drawn skepticism among e-cig users, who say that vaping at such high temperatures results in an unpleasant taste ).
Can you buy e-cigs from a reputable brand?
First things first: Buy e-cigs only from recognizable, commercially available brands, which are more likely to manufacture their products responsibly. Using reputable brands may also safeguard against the “shoddy workmanship” Middlekauff suspects to be responsible for the heavy metals detected in vape clouds, as well as battery explosions, which are rare but can cause serious injury. (The FDA offers tips on how to avoid these explosions, such as purchasing vapes with vent holes and other safety features, and not charging them overnight.)
Do you need to test e-cigs for cannabis?
Middlekauff also cautions against using e-cigs that contain cannabis. Since cannabis products don’t fall under FDA regulation, they don’t need to be tested to ensure that their content matches the ingredients on the label. We know so little about what’s in e-cigs — “we know even less about what’s in cannabis products.” Cannabis only adds another layer of uncertainty to vaping.
Can you vape if you are a non smoker?
While the CDC advises non- smokers not to vape, the agency notes that e-cigarettes that contain nicotine “have the potential” to help smokers curb and phase out regular cigarettes. Middlekauff points to a recent clinical trial that randomly assigned smokers to e-cigs plus counseling or traditional nicotine-replacement products (such as gum or patches) plus counseling. A year later, 18% of the smokers who had received e-cigs had quit cigarettes, versus 9.9% of those who had received nicotine-replacement products — but 80% of people in the e-cig group were still vaping, while only 9% of those in the other group were still using nicotine-replacement products. And as the researchers note, the long-term effects of vaping remain unknown.
Why do people turn on their e-cigarettes?
Instead of lighting a rolled-up cigarette to smoke, the user will turn on their e-cigarette to heat the liquid in the cartridge that produces a vapor rather than smoke. Like traditional cigarettes, these solutions typically contain nicotine, the addictive chemical in cigarettes.
What is vapor made of?
Rather, the “vapor” is comprised of nicotine and other harmful toxins that are known to cause cancer. Studies show the components of the vapor have detected ultrafine particles that are more concentrated than the same particles found in cigarette smoke.
What are the particles in secondhand vapor?
Among these particles in secondhand vapor are Benzene, Formaldehyde, Isoprene, Nicotine, N-Nitrosonornicotine, Toluene, and Propylene Glycol. Some experts may be quick to say that propylene glycol, in particular, has been approved by the FDA in some products, but the vaporization of this compound is not approved.
Does vaping affect air quality?
The short answer as to whether vaping will impact indoor air quality is yes. If you vape or allow other people to vape in your home, over time it could pose a risk to your air ducts, which does impact your air quality.
Is vaping a good alternative to smoking cigarettes?
On the surface, e-cigarettes, vaping, seem like a viable option to combating traditional cigarettes. Instead of emitting smoke, e-cigarettes emit a vapor that has been touted as a way for smokers to reduce or quit their habit. Vape stores even tout their product as being “safe”, or at the very least, safer than smoking cigarettes.
Should parents send their kids to college with carbon monoxide detectors?
Very important parents send their kids to college with Carbon Monoxiee Detectors. It can save their life and ok there students #carbonmonoxide#COwcvb.com/article/studen…
Is indoor air quality safe?
But is it really and truly safe? The studies on the impact of indoor air quality would say no.
Where is vaping banned?
School buildings, playgrounds, college campuses, childcare facilities, and hospitals are places where vaping is often banned by specific statute. If you work in one of these facilities there is a good chance that you will have no right to vape, even in the absence of a state statute that expressly bans vaping in the workplace.
What are the rules of vaping?
While the rules surrounding vaping are subject to change, there are two rules of thumb that you should follow: Comply with your employer’s Vaping policy. In general, private employers have broad discretion when it comes to instituting work-related policies.
What is the act of inhaling an aerosol, or vapor, that’s produced by an electronic?
You may not know precisely what it means, but more than likely you’ve at least heard of the term “vaping.”. Vaping is the act of inhaling an aerosol, or vapor, that’s produced by an electronic cigarette ("e-cigarette").
What is the definition of smoking in California?
At the same time, Section 22950.5 of California’s Business and Professions Code defines “smoking” to include “an electronic smoking device that creates an aerosol or vapor, in any manner or any other form, or the use of any oral smoking device for the purpose of circumventing the prohibition of smoking.”.
What states have vaping laws?
Some states include e-cigarettes or vaping in their statutory definition of smoking, tobacco, or nicotine. These states include Colorado, California, Delaware, District of Columbia, Hawaii, Indiana, Maine, Maryland, ...
Is vaping legal at work?
Many states and local governments have banned vaping e-cigarettes at work. In most of the country, workplace smoking is either banned or highly regulated by state law. In states where smoking is permitted at work, it is often limited to a designated area of the work premises and may be illegal within a certain distance of ...
Can an employer ban vaping?
If your employer has banned vaping there is a good chance it is legally entitled to do so by state statute, administrative code, or locally enacted regulations. In addition, remember, your employer is generally entitled to act even when there is no state law or regulation on the books.
