Vaping is a tool used to deliver nicotine to the body and the effects of nicotine have long been studied by the scientific community. It is known to stiffen blood vessels, causing an increase in blood pressure and heart rate, potentially leading to cardiovascular diseases in the long term.
Does vaping harm your heart?
Vaping Concerns: Heart Attack & Stroke. “Vaping is bad for your heart. The truth is people who vape are 56 percent more likely to have a heart attack than non-smokers and 30 percent more likely to suffer a stroke,” Dr. Sharaf says. In simplest terms, a heart attack is when part of the heart muscle isn’t getting enough blood.
How bad is vaping for Your Heart?
“Vaping is bad for your heart. The truth is people who vape are 56 percent more likely to have a heart attack than non-smokers and 30 percent more likely to suffer a stroke,” Dr. Sharaf says. In simplest terms, a heart attack is when part of the heart muscle isn’t getting enough blood.
Does vaping increase your risk of heart disease?
WEDNESDAY, Jan. 30, 2019 (HealthDay News) -- People who vape might increase their odds of suffering a stroke, heart attack or heart disease, a new study suggests. Federal survey data revealed that compared with nonusers, people who use e-cigarettes have a: 71 percent higher risk of stroke. 59 percent higher risk of heart attack or angina.
What effects does vaping have on the body?
What vaping does to a developing brain. The majority of vape liquids contain nicotine. In addition to being highly addictive, nicotine alters the neurotransmitters in the brain. It has been found to slow brain development in teens and affect memory, decision-making, concentration, self-control, and mood.
Why are teens addicted to vaping?
How many people use vaping?
What is an e-cigarette?
How many brands of e-cigarettes are there?
Is vaping a good alternative to smoking cigarettes?
Can smoking cigarettes cause stroke?
Does smoking e-cigarettes cause heart problems?
See 2 more
How does vaping cause cardiovascular disease?
Research has shown that e-cigarettes raise blood pressure and heart rate, change the artery walls so that they become stiffer and less elastic, and inhibit the function of blood vessels by damaging their lining.
How does nicotine affect the cardiovascular system?
Smoking increases the formation of plaque in blood vessels. Coronary Heart Diseaseoccurs when arteries that carry blood to the heart muscle are narrowed by plaque or blocked by clots. Chemicals in cigarette smoke cause the blood to thicken and form clots inside veins and arteries.
Does vaping decrease cardiovascular endurance?
Overall, vaping has been found to cause similar effects as smoking on lung function and cardiovascular function.
Does vaping make your heart race?
Within 30 minutes of use, vaping spikes your adrenaline, causing increased blood pressure and heart rate, which means a higher risk of heart attack.
Does vaping cause heart inflammation?
Earlier studies on short-term vape use involving lower nicotine concentrations have shown inflammatory changes within the lungs, brain, and heart.
What are 3 harmful effects of vaping?
The most commonly-reported adverse effects were throat/mouth irritation, headache, cough, and nausea, which tended to dissipate with continued use.
Is vaping good for gym?
Improved Cardio Performance However, vaping can benefit an athlete by improving their cardio performance. Essentially, it's believed that vaping improves an athlete's ability to run longer. Athletes that traditional smoke cigarettes often experience shortness of breath during long exercise sessions and heavy workouts.
Does vaping slow muscle growth?
Does smoking affect muscle growth or does vaping affect muscle growth? Yes, it does. Smoking and vaping is not only bad for lungs but can also damage your muscles as smoking decreases the number of blood vessels that bring nutrients and oxygen to the leg muscles.
Does nicotine reduce blood flow?
Nicotine causes your blood vessels to constrict or narrow, which limits the amount of blood that flows to your organs. Over time, the constant constriction results in blood vessels that are stiff and less elastic. Constricted blood vessels decrease the amount of oxygen and nutrients your cells receive.
How does nicotine and carbon monoxide affect the cardiovascular system?
Carbon monoxide affects the heart by reducing the amount of oxygen the blood is able to carry. This means that the heart, lungs, brain, and other vital organs do not always receive enough oxygen to perform everyday functions. At the same time, nicotine causes an increase in heart rate and blood pressure.
How does nicotine increase blood pressure?
The nicotine in cigarettes and other tobacco products makes your blood vessels get narrow and your heart beat faster, which makes your blood pressure get higher. If you quit smoking and using tobacco products, you can lower your blood pressure and your risk for heart disease and heart attack.
How does nicotine affect the body?
How does nicotine work? Nicotine is absorbed into your bloodstream and goes to your adrenal glands just above your kidneys. The glands release adrenaline which increases your blood pressure, breathing, and heart rate. Adrenaline also gives you a lot of good feelings all at once.
Say no to vaping: Blood pressure, heart rate rises in healthy, young ...
New research finds that nicotine-filled e-cigarettes cause increases in heart rate and blood pressure in young people, health issues that remain even after a vaping session. The research ...
Health Risks Of Vaping: Let's Stick To The Science And Speculate Less
A growing body of evidence gathered over the last 15 years has shown that using an electronic cigarette ("vaping") is probably far safer than smoking and likely to help smokers quit their deadly habit forever. Certain segments of the public health establishment have reacted oddly to these results—they've ignored them and treated vaping as a serious threat.
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Why is vaping bad after a workout?
During a workout this is bad and unwanted because it is going to cause you to burn through your energy quicker than normal. This same issue applies to you after a workout also. If you are vaping after your workout, you are preventing your body from properly cooling down.
How Can I Improve my Lungs After Vaping?
While knowing you may have cardio issues from vaping many look to lessening their vaping around their workouts instead of quitting it overall. As to this they wondering how to improve their lungs after vaping.
Can Vaping Affect Your Stamina?
Since it can impact your lungs and your cardiovascular system it is very possible that it will impact your stamina, especially on heavily cardiac based activities.
Does Vaping Affect Lung Capacity?
Vaping is shown to increase lung inflammation which can lead to issues with overall capacity to hold oxygen and use oxygen,
Does Nicotine Affect Cardio?
Nicotine is a highly addictive chemical which makes is dangerous but its secondary effects are tied to cardiovascular issues with increased heart rate and blood pressure.
Does Vaping Make You Gain Weight?
While the effects of vaping do appear to be overall negative the one large benefit that it shares with tobacco smoking is that it can help with weight loss.
Does Vaping Affect Muscle Growth?
Most people assume that vaping is a better choice alternative to smoking and perfectly fine before or after a workout. The problem with this thinking is that while the vapor in e-cigs is much more kind on your lungs, it does nothing about the nicotine contained.
Does smoking cause heart problems?
Smoking increases your heart rate, causes a build up of plaque in arteries and can cause an irregular heart rhythm - all of which force your heart to work harder than it needs to. Blood pressure is also heightened due to smoking which can increase the risk of stroke.
Is e-cigarette smoking bad for you?
E-Cigarette users may be at higher risk for heart attack, coronary artery disease, and depression.
Is vaping bad for your health?
Vaping was designed to be addictive. While many of the dangers of vaping have rightfully been linked to the lungs, that doesn't mean the rest of the body is immune from its potentially harmful effects. Vaping can have an adverse affect on your mouth, teeth, gums, throat, lungs, heart and even skin.
Can vaping cause heart attacks?
Vape users may be significantly more likely to suffer from heart attack, coronary artery disease and depression, according to new research published by the American College of Cardiology.
Does vaping tighten blood vessels?
Research has also shown vaping immediately stiffens and tightens your blood vessels, which limits the movement of oxygenated blood to and from the heart to other parts of the body: a true life necessity.
How does electronic cigarettes affect the cardiovascular system?
Impact of Electronic Cigarettes on the Cardiovascular System. Tobacco smoking is a major public health threat for both smokers and nonsmokers. There is accumulating evidence demonstrating that smoking causes several human diseases, including those affecting the cardiovascular system.
What are the health effects of smoking e-cigarettes?
Recent clinical and animal studies showed that (active or passive) e‐vapors/e‐cigarettes may cause irritation of both the upper and lower respiratory tract, in addition to inducing bronchospasm and cough 9, 32, 33, 34; the latter effects may be attributed to a chain of inflammatory reactions through oxidative stress. 28
Why are e-cigarettes dangerous?
Additional concerns related to e‐cigarettes include nicotine dependence and toxicity, given that the nicotine concentrations found in plasma of e‐cigarette smokers are high enough to produce and maintain nicotine dependence, especially in youth. This may explain why many adolescents shift to tobacco smoking in their adulthood or cannot abandon vaping easily. 22 E‐cigarettes may also present higher risks of nicotine toxicity, especially for children, because some incidents of ingesting e‐liquids were reported. 9, 119 In fact, the number of calls to poison centers for ingestion of e‐liquids increased from “one per month in September 2010 to 215 per month in February 2014”. 120 Thus, the Child Nicotine Poisoning Prevention Act was initiated in January 2016; this required e‐cigarettes manufacturers to use child‐resistant e‐liquid packaging.
What is an e-cigarette?
E‐cigarettes, also known as vape pens, e‐cigars, or vaping devices, are electronic nicotine delivering systems, which generate an aerosolized mixture containing flavored liquids and nicotine that is inhaled by the user. 9 The extensive diversity of e‐cigarettes arises from the various nicotine concentrations present in e‐liquids, miscellaneous volumes of e‐liquids per product, different carrier compounds, additives, flavors, and battery voltage. 9 Regardless of the exact design, each e‐cigarette device has a common functioning system, which is composed of a rechargeable lithium battery, vaporization chamber, and a cartridge (Figure 1 ). The lithium battery functions as the powerhouse; it is connected to the vaporization chamber that contains the atomizer 9 (Figure 1 ). In order to deliver nicotine to the lungs, the user inhales through a mouthpiece, and the airflow triggers a sensor that then switches on the atomizer. 9, 10, 11 Finally, the atomizer vaporizes liquid nicotine in a small cartridge (Figure 1) and delivers it to the lungs. 9
How successful are e-cigarettes?
Since their introduction in 2007, e‐cigarettes have experienced widespread success among smokers, nonsmokers, pregnant females, and even youth. Their sales increased by 14‐fold since 2008, 15 contributing to scientists' desire/necessity to evaluate their safety, population patterns, and usage reasons. 16 Usage patterns vary depending on consumers' age group. 4 In adults, usage increased over the past decade to include 3.8% of US adults, of which almost 16% are current cigarette smokers, whereas 22% are former smokers. 17 Importantly, almost 3.2% of individuals who never smoked before/naïve have tried e‐cigarettes, reflecting exposure to harmful chemicals for “neoteric” purposes. 17, 18 In fact, adults primarily use e‐cigarettes to discontinue smoking because they perceive them to be: (1) a healthier choice, which can reduce nicotine cravings, and (2) less harmful to nonusers in their proximity. 4, 19 As for seniors, it appears that e‐cigarettes are used to stop smoking or to bypass smoke‐free policies. 20, 21
How is nicotine metabolized?
93 After absorption, nicotine is metabolized by the liver into cotinine as one of the metabolites. 94 Most e‐liquids contain nicotine at concentrations that vary between 0 and 36.6 mg/mL. 95 Interestingly, it has been reported that several e‐cigarette brands inaccurately labeled nicotine concentration, 96 and, in fact, some of the “nicotine free” brands apparently contain some. 8 As expected, e‐liquids with higher nicotine concentrations deliver more nicotine than those with lower concentrations. 43, 97
Why do teens use e-cigarettes?
Usage of e‐cigarettes among the youth is mainly linked to their curiosity and the “appealing” flavored nature of e‐liquids. 19 It is alarming that this group has the highest increase in usage 18; 5.3% of all users are middle school students, and 16% are high school students. This is a 9‐ and 10‐fold increase, respectively, since 2011. 18 Because the brain is only fully developed by the age of mid‐twenties, youths' exposure to nicotine may disrupt their brain development, and hinder attention and learning, while elevating susceptibility for addiction to nicotine or other drugs such as cocaine. 22
What are the health effects of smoking e-cigarettes?
Recent clinical and animal studies showed that (active or passive) e‐vapors/e‐cigarettes may cause irritation of both the upper and lower respiratory tract, in addition to inducing bronchospasm and cough 9, 32, 33, 34; the latter effects may be attributed to a chain of inflammatory reactions through oxidative stress. 28
Why are e-cigarettes dangerous?
Additional concerns related to e‐cigarettes include nicotine dependence and toxicity, given that the nicotine concentrations found in plasma of e‐cigarette smokers are high enough to produce and maintain nicotine dependence, especially in youth. This may explain why many adolescents shift to tobacco smoking in their adulthood or cannot abandon vaping easily. 22 E‐cigarettes may also present higher risks of nicotine toxicity, especially for children, because some incidents of ingesting e‐liquids were reported. 9, 119 In fact, the number of calls to poison centers for ingestion of e‐liquids increased from “one per month in September 2010 to 215 per month in February 2014”. 120 Thus, the Child Nicotine Poisoning Prevention Act was initiated in January 2016; this required e‐cigarettes manufacturers to use child‐resistant e‐liquid packaging.
What is an e-cigarette?
E‐cigarettes, also known as vape pens, e‐cigars, or vaping devices, are electronic nicotine delivering systems, which generate an aerosolized mixture containing flavored liquids and nicotine that is inhaled by the user. 9 The extensive diversity of e‐cigarettes arises from the various nicotine concentrations present in e‐liquids, miscellaneous volumes of e‐liquids per product, different carrier compounds, additives, flavors, and battery voltage. 9 Regardless of the exact design, each e‐cigarette device has a common functioning system, which is composed of a rechargeable lithium battery, vaporization chamber, and a cartridge (Figure 1 ). The lithium battery functions as the powerhouse; it is connected to the vaporization chamber that contains the atomizer 9 (Figure 1 ). In order to deliver nicotine to the lungs, the user inhales through a mouthpiece, and the airflow triggers a sensor that then switches on the atomizer. 9, 10, 11 Finally, the atomizer vaporizes liquid nicotine in a small cartridge (Figure 1) and delivers it to the lungs. 9
How successful are e-cigarettes?
Since their introduction in 2007, e‐cigarettes have experienced widespread success among smokers, nonsmokers, pregnant females, and even youth. Their sales increased by 14‐fold since 2008, 15 contributing to scientists' desire/necessity to evaluate their safety, population patterns, and usage reasons. 16 Usage patterns vary depending on consumers' age group. 4 In adults, usage increased over the past decade to include 3.8% of US adults, of which almost 16% are current cigarette smokers, whereas 22% are former smokers. 17 Importantly, almost 3.2% of individuals who never smoked before/naïve have tried e‐cigarettes, reflecting exposure to harmful chemicals for “neoteric” purposes. 17, 18 In fact, adults primarily use e‐cigarettes to discontinue smoking because they perceive them to be: (1) a healthier choice, which can reduce nicotine cravings, and (2) less harmful to nonusers in their proximity. 4, 19 As for seniors, it appears that e‐cigarettes are used to stop smoking or to bypass smoke‐free policies. 20, 21
How is nicotine metabolized?
93 After absorption, nicotine is metabolized by the liver into cotinine as one of the metabolites. 94 Most e‐liquids contain nicotine at concentrations that vary between 0 and 36.6 mg/mL. 95 Interestingly, it has been reported that several e‐cigarette brands inaccurately labeled nicotine concentration, 96 and, in fact, some of the “nicotine free” brands apparently contain some. 8 As expected, e‐liquids with higher nicotine concentrations deliver more nicotine than those with lower concentrations. 43, 97
Why do teens use e-cigarettes?
Usage of e‐cigarettes among the youth is mainly linked to their curiosity and the “appealing” flavored nature of e‐liquids. 19 It is alarming that this group has the highest increase in usage 18; 5.3% of all users are middle school students, and 16% are high school students. This is a 9‐ and 10‐fold increase, respectively, since 2011. 18 Because the brain is only fully developed by the age of mid‐twenties, youths' exposure to nicotine may disrupt their brain development, and hinder attention and learning, while elevating susceptibility for addiction to nicotine or other drugs such as cocaine. 22
How does PM2.5 affect the body?
165, 166 Thus, if ion channels and calcium regulation are affected by PM2.5, it could lead to contractile dysfunction and arrhythmia, 165, 167 whereas vascular dysfunction and thrombus formation can result from producing local oxidative stress and inflammation. 168, 169, 170 Regarding the indirect pathway, PM2.5‐induced cardiovascular toxicity is associated with the development of inflammatory responses and modulation of the autonomic nervous system. 167 Thus, deposition of PM2.5 on alveoli was found to trigger the release of a host of proinflammatory mediators, vasoactive molecules, and reactive oxygen species into the circulation. These will subsequently affect vascular integrity and induce thrombogenesis. 168, 170 As for PM2.5 modulation of the autonomic nervous system, it results in increased vasoconstriction and change in heart rate variability, which will potentially enhance the risk of developing arrhythmias and thrombosis. 171
What is a vape pen?
With vaping, a device (typically a vape pen or a mod — an enhanced vape pen — that may look like a flash drive) heats up a liquid ( called vape juice or e -liquid) until it turns into a vapor that you inhale. “Vaping is a delivery system similar to a nebulizer, which people with asthma or other lung conditions may be familiar with,” says Broderick. ...
What is the chemical that can damage your lungs?
Acrolein: Most often used as a weed killer, this chemical can also damage lungs.
What happens if you inhale diacetyl?
Diacetyl is frequently added to flavored e-liquid to enhance the taste. Inhaling diacetyl causes inflammation and may lead to permanent scarring in the smallest branches of the airways — popcorn lung — which makes breathing difficult. Popcorn lung has no lasting treatment. There are, however, treatments that manage BO symptoms, such as: 1 Coughing 2 Wheezing 3 Chest pain 4 Shortness of breath
What is the food additive used to deepen e-cigarette flavors?
Diacetyl: This food additive, used to deepen e-cigarette flavors, is known to damage small passageways in the lungs.
Does vaping affect the lungs?
Instead of bathing lung tissue with a therapeutic mist, just as a nebulizer does, vaping coats lungs with potentially harmful chemicals. E-liquid concoctions usually include some mix of flavorings, aromatic additives and nicotine or THC (the chemical in marijuana that causes psychological effects), dissolved in an oily liquid base.
Is second hand vapor safe?
Secondhand Vapor Isn’t Safe Either. It’s a myth that secondhand emissions from e-cigarettes are harmless. Many people think the secondhand vapor is just water, but this couldn’t be farther from the truth. The vapor emitted when someone exhales contains a variety of dangerous substances, which may include: Nicotine.
Does diacetyl help with popcorn lung?
Diacetyl is frequently added to flavored e-liquid to enhance the taste. Inhaling diacetyl causes inflammation and may lead to permanent scarring in the smallest branches of the airways — popcorn lung — which makes breathing difficult. Popcorn lung has no lasting treatment. There are, however, treatments that manage BO symptoms, such as:
Why is vaping bad for the body?
To keep the body healthy, the cells need to be able to grow and repair. Vaping and the aerosols in the vape will lead to acute endothelial cell dysfunction. This means the cells may not produce as quickly and they may become deformed. They will not be able to carry out their functions in the body.
Why do teens vape?
Teens and other young adults begin with vaping because they think it is safe and more likely to smoke cigarettes. Once a young person begins to vape, the body will like the nicotine. Over time this will not be enough, and they may pick up a cigarette. Both of these habits are bad for health.
Is vaping better than smoking?
While vaping may produce a byproduct that smells better than smoke, it does not mean that it is safe to vape. When you vape, you are still exposing the body to harmful chemicals. This can have an impact on your heart and lungs.
Does vaping cause gum disease?
Vaping will harm several areas in the mouth, including the gums. In a study that was published in the Oncotarget journal, it was found that vaping leads to inflammation of the gums. Inflammation is one of the leading causes of gum disease. If you have gum disease, there are other oral issues that you will need to deal with. This includes gum recession. Your teeth will also become more sensitive. If you have bad gums, you can even begin to lose some teeth. It will also cause dry mouth as if the other oral problems were not harmful enough.
Can vaping cause a dry cough?
Based on information from the Tobacco Control vaping journal can lead to irritation of the mouth and the throat. When you inhale the vape, you are inhaling aerosolized propylene glycol and glycerol. This leads to irritation in both the mouth and the throat. It can also cause you to have a dry cough.
Does vaping cause inflammation?
In a recent medical study, the effects of vaping on the lungs were examined. It was shown that vaping leads to inflammation in the lungs and the oxidation of these cells. Another study done by Respiratory Research found that people who used a vape had some damage to their lungs.
Is vaping a good alternative to cigarettes?
While many people think that vaping is a safe alternative to cigarettes, they are wrong. While vaping may not be as harmful as cigarettes, in some ways, vaping still poses serious health risks and does have harmful effects on the body. There are some things that you need to know about the effects of vaping on your body before you pick up your first vape or take another hit from a vape.
What Cardiovascular Conditions Can Result from Smoking?
Smoking cigarettes can permanently damage your heart and blood vessels. This can lead to cardiovascular disease.
What happens when you breathe in cigarette smoke?
But when you breathe in cigarette smoke, the blood that is distributed to the rest of the body becomes contaminated with the smoke’s chemicals. These chemicals can damage to your heart and blood vessels, 1 which can lead to cardiovascular disease (CVD)—the leading cause of all deaths in the United States. 2
How Many People Die Each Year from Cardiovascular Disease Caused by Smoking?
According to the American Heart Association, cardiovascular disease accounts for about 800,000 U.S. deaths every year, 5 making it the leading cause of all deaths in the United States. Of those, nearly 20 percent are due to cigarette smoking. 2
How many people die from CVD every year?
According to the American Heart Association, CVD accounts for about 800,000 U.S. deaths every year, 5 making it the leading cause of all deaths in the United States. Of those, nearly 20 percent are due to cigarette smoking. 2
What is CVD in medical terms?
CVD is a generic term referring to multiple conditions affecting the heart or blood vessels 3. Some of these conditions include:
How long does it take for carbon monoxide to go down after quitting smoking?
Just 12 hours after quitting smoking, the carbon monoxide level in the blood drops to normal, allowing more oxygen to vital organs like your heart. 8
Is it safe to quit smoking?
Although quitting smoking is difficult, it is achievable, and medicinal cessation therapies like nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) may be able to help you on your quit journey. Many addicted smokers find that FDA-approved NRT helps them get through the hardest parts of quitting by lessening cravings and symptoms of withdrawal. NRTs are proven safe and effective to help you quit smoking by delivering measured amounts of nicotine without the toxic chemicals found in cigarette smoke.
Why are teens addicted to vaping?
Due to the convenience of e-cigarettes along with their seemingly harmless nature and tasty flavors, teens and young adults who had never previously smoked cigarettes or used tobacco products are becoming addicted to vaping at an alarming rate.
How many people use vaping?
Since being introduced in 2007, vaping trends are estimated to have increased by nearly 14-fold in just the last decade. Now used by an estimated 1 in 20 Americans, e-cigarettes have become a rising public health concern mainly due to their alarming popularity among teens and young adults. In 2018, the FDA estimated that 3.6 million middle and high school students consider themselves e-cigarette users. Due to the convenience of e-cigarettes along with their seemingly harmless nature and tasty flavors, teens and young adults who had never previously smoked cigarettes or used tobacco products are becoming addicted to vaping at an alarming rate. Despite growing health precautions associated with vaping, the market continues to grow. There are currently 460 brands of e-cigarettes and over 7,700 flavors.
What is an e-cigarette?
Invented as a safer alternative to smoking cigarettes, e-cigarettes are battery-operated, handheld devices that are meant to replace the act of smoking a cigarette.
How many brands of e-cigarettes are there?
There are currently 460 brands of e-cigarettes and over 7,700 flavors. Even though e-cigarettes lack the harmful carcinogens that are present in normal cigarettes, the chemicals and nicotine levels in the e-liquids may pose an even deadlier threat.
Is vaping a good alternative to smoking cigarettes?
For adults who are trying to quit smoking, vaping can be a safer alternative to smoking conventional cigarettes. Even though these electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) could decrease the risk of cancer in regular smokers, other health hazards associated with vaping have been unclear until now.
Can smoking cigarettes cause stroke?
A further analysis of this data also showed that regardless of how frequently someone uses e-cigarettes, they are still more likely to suffer a heart attack or develop coronary artery disease. Smoking cigarettes and vape pens both cause high blood pressure as well, which is the leading cause of stroke. For adults monitoring high blood pressure , one of the first recommendations doctors give is to stop smoking. Young people can have high blood pressure too and sometimes don’t even know they have it until later in life.
Does smoking e-cigarettes cause heart problems?
With a risk of heart failure higher than 50 percent, e-cigarette smoking clearly carries some heavy heart risks. The e-liquids that are present in e-cigarettes also contain chemicals that are toxic to the endothelial cells that line the interior of blood vessels and play an important role in heart health. A recent study found that when exposed to the e-liquids in vape pens, the endothelial cells died and were unable to form new vascular tubes. The severity of the damage seemed to vary depending on the flavor of the e-liquid.
